France
France regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Since 2012, DILCRAH has served as an inter-ministerial body and platform for co-operation to address hate crime, including through research and financial support to civil society organizations (CSOs). DILCRAH, along with a number of CSOs, is also involved in the training of judges and prosecutors, as well as police officers and gendarmes. The Central Office for Combating Crimes against Humanity and Hate Crimes (OCLCH) is an inter-agency body composed of police officers and gendarmes that is responsible for leading and coordinating the fight against crimes against humanity and hate crimes, assisting and supporting local units in this area, acting as the national contact point for both units and external entities, investigating, providing expertise and preparing threat assessments in its area of responsibility.
Hate crime data are regularly published by the Ministry of Interior. France conducts regular surveys on hate crime victimization to measure unreported hate crimes.
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 6,211 | 1,557 | 1,736 |
| 2022 | 3,807 | 469 | 355 |
| 2021 | 3,443 | 486 | 425 |
| 2020 | 2672 | - | - |
| 2019 | 2640 | - | - |
| 2018 | 1838 | - | 252 |
| 2017 | 1505 | Not available | 255 |
| 2016 | 1835 | Not available | 583 |
| 2015 | 1790 | Not available | Not available |
| 2014 | 1662 | Not available | 554 |
| 2013 | 1765 | 579 | Not available |
| 2012 | 2357 | 604 | 550 |
| 2011 | Not available | Not available | 431 |
| 2010 | 2 | Not available | 562 |
| 2009 | Not available | Not available | 579 |
About 2022 Data
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The police figures reported to ODIHR were collected by the French Ministerial Statistical Department for Internal Security (SSMSI).
Data on prosecuted and sentenced cases were collected by the French Ministerial Statistical Department for Justice (SDSE) from the Cassiopée statistical file. Sentences for serious crimes (such as homicides and rapes) are not recorded in Cassiopée, and are therefore not presented here.
The 2022 data covers Metropolitan France and Overseas, except for communities located overseas (COM).
Hate crime recorded by police
The police provide data disaggregated by racism and xenophobia, including anti-religious hate crime, and by bias on the grounds of sex/gender, including hate crimes committed with bias based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Data under these categories were collected by the French Ministerial Statistical Department for Internal Security (SSMSI).
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes France's efforts to address hate crimes in a comprehensive manner, and improve its hate crime data collection. However, based on available information, it observes that France's hate crime recording and statistics do not sufficiently distinguish hate crimes from other crimes. In addition, ODIHR observes that France would benefit from enhancing its efforts to build the capacity of prosecutors and judges to prosecute and sentence hate crimes.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to collect reliable data and statistics on hate crimes in sufficient detail, and to report such data periodically to ODIHR. Participating States also committed to introduce or further develop professional training and capacity-building activities for law enforcement, prosecution, and judicial officials dealing with hate crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support France in meeting its relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as by providing further resources and tailored capacity-building assistance for police, prosecution, and judiciary.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
In addition to incidents submitted with detailed descriptions, this graph includes 14 anti-Muslim incidents reported as statistics by CAP Freedom of Conscience.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
In addition to incidents submitted with detailed descriptions, this graph includes 14 anti-Muslim incidents reported as statistics by CAP Freedom of Conscience.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
In addition to incidents submitted with detailed descriptions, this graph includes 14 anti-Muslim incidents reported as statistics by CAP Freedom of Conscience.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022-02 | Violent attacks against people | Transgender Europe (TGEU)
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| 2022-08 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022-12 | Violent attacks against people | Safer and Stronger Communities in Europe
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| 2022-10 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Anti-Muslim hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | Safer and Stronger Communities in Europe
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | Safer and Stronger Communities in Europe
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| 2022-03 | Violent attacks against people | Safer and Stronger Communities in Europe
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| 2022-10 | Violent attacks against people | Safer and Stronger Communities in Europe
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Anti-Christian hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | OIDAC
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| 2022-02 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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| 2022-10 | Threats/Harassment | OIDAC
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| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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Other hate crime based on religion or belief
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-08 | Threats/Harassment | CAP Freedom of Conscience
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| 2022-01 | Threats/Harassment | CAP Freedom of Conscience
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Gender-based hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-02 | Violent attacks against people | Transgender Europe (TGEU)
|
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | Safer and Stronger Communities in Europe
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Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-02 | Violent attacks against people | Transgender Europe (TGEU)
|
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