Iceland
Iceland regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Iceland's Criminal Code contains a substantive offence provision. Iceland's data, collected by the National Police Commissioner, include cases of discrimination and defamation.
How hate crime data is collected
There is no systematic collection of hate crime statistics in Iceland across the criminal justice system. Reported criminal offences are registered in a central police database (LÖKE). While hate speech is specifically covered by law, hate crime is only covered by a general provision of the criminal code which relates to the motive of the perpetrator.
"Possible Hate Crimes" are registered in the police database as an addition to the registered offence based on the existence of a potential bias motive. The type of motive is also registered. Motives available for registration include: "sexual orientation", "gender identity", "religion (other)", "religion (anti-Semitism)", "religion (anti-Christian)", "religion (anti-Muslim)", "racist - xenophobic bias" and "other".
Hate crimes are not recorded by prosecutors or the judiciary, only hate speech.
Official Data
International reports
Racism and xenophobia
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The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) published relevant recommendations in its "Concluding observations on the combined twenty-first to twenty-third periodic reports of Iceland."
Key observation
ODIHR observes that Iceland has not reported on cases of hate crimes separately from cases of hate speech or discrimination.
