France
France regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Since 2012, DILCRAH has served as an inter-ministerial body and platform for co-operation to address hate crime, including through research and financial support to civil society organizations (CSOs). DILCRAH has worked with CSOs to train police and create a network of specialized investigators on hate crime. The Central Office for Combating Crimes against Humanity and Hate Crimes (OCLCH) is an inter-agency body composed of police officers and gendarmes that is mandated to expedite hate crime investigations and monitor and analyse relevant developments. Hate crime data are regularly published by the National Institution for Human Rights. France conducts regular surveys on hate crime victimization to measure unreported hate crimes.
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
---|---|---|---|
2022 | 3,807 | 469 | 355 |
2021 | 3,443 | 486 | 425 |
2020 | 2672 | - | - |
2019 | 2640 | - | - |
2018 | 1838 | - | 252 |
2017 | 1505 | Not available | 255 |
2016 | 1835 | Not available | 583 |
2015 | 1790 | Not available | Not available |
2014 | 1662 | Not available | 554 |
2013 | 1765 | 579 | Not available |
2012 | 2357 | 604 | 550 |
2011 | Not available | Not available | 431 |
2010 | 2 | Not available | 562 |
2009 | Not available | Not available | 579 |
About 2021 Data
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The police figures reported to ODIHR do not include cases of incitement to hatred, defamation or public insult. However, the records disaggregated by bias motivation presented below may include such offences, which for the most part fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.
Hate crime recorded by police
The police provide data disaggregated by racism and xenophobia, including anti-religious hate crime, and by bias on the grounds of sex/gender, including hate crimes committed with bias based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Data under these categories were collected by the French Ministerial Statistical Department for Internal Security (SSMSI).
The anti-Christian, anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim hate crimes presented below were collected by the Central Service of Territorial Intelligence (SCRT) and disaggregated separately by the Ministry of the Interior. Data on anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim hate crimes have been consulted with civil society organizations that monitor such crimes. Data collected by the Central Service of Territorial Intelligence may include acts of hate speech that fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.
The SSMSI data on racism and xenophobia presented below includes the SCRT data on Anti-Semitic, anti-Muslim and anti-Christian hate crimes. These three categories are, however, also shown separately for a better understanding of these bias motivations. For this reason, the total number of crimes shown in the table above does not match the total number of crimes shown in the graph below, as some offences are listed twice. In particular, the total number of "threats" is 1,922, and the total of "unspecified acts" is 23.
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes France's efforts to improve its hate crime data collection and report hate crimes recorded by the prosecution and judiciary to ODIHR. However, based on available information, it observes that France's hate crime recording and statistics do not sufficiently distinguish hate crimes from other crimes. In addition, ODIHR observes that France would benefit from enhancing its efforts to build the capacity of criminal justice officials to address hate crime.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to collecting reliable data and statistics on hate crimes in sufficient detail, and to report such data periodically to ODIHR. Participating States also committed to introducing or further developing professional training and capacity-building activities for law enforcement, prosecution, and judicial officials dealing with hate crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support France in meeting its relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as further resources and tailored capacity-building assistance for police, prosecution, and judiciary.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
---|---|---|---|
2021-06 | Violent attacks against people | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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2021-11 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-04 | Violent attacks against people | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
Anti-Roma hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
---|---|---|---|
2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
Anti-Semitic hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
---|---|---|---|
2021-03 | Threats | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Show info |
2021 | Threats | OIDAC
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Show info |
Anti-Muslim hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
---|---|---|---|
2021-06 | Violent attacks against people | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-04 | Violent attacks against people | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-09 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-02 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-10 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-07 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-10 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-02 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-04 | Threats | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-07 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-01 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-04 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-09 | Threats | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-04 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-04 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-04 | Threats | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-09 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-05 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-04 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-10 | Threats | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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2021-12 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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2021-11 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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2021-12 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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2021-11 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
Anti-Christian hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
---|---|---|---|
2021-12 | Violent attacks against people | Jehovah's Witnesses
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Show info |
2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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2021-01 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-01 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-02 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-02 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-05 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-05 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-05 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-05 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-06 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-06 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-06 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-06 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Threats | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-08 | Threats | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-08 | Threats | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-10 | Threats | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-10 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-10 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-12 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021 | Threats | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-05 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-01 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-01 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-02 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-04 | Threats | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-05 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-05 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-06 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-06 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-08 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2021-10 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
2021-12 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
Anti-LGBTI hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
---|---|---|---|
2021-04 | Violent attacks against people | Transgender Europe (TGEU)
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Show info |
2021-06 | Violent attacks against people | Transgender Europe (TGEU)
|
Show info |
2021-09 | Violent attacks against people | Transgender Europe (TGEU)
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Show info |
2021-04 | Attacks against property | The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
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Show info |
2021 | Threats | OIDAC
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Show info |
INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
Racist and xenophobic hate crime, Anti-Roma hate crime, Anti-Muslim hate crime, Gender-based hate crime, Anti-LGBTI hate crime
The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) published relevant recommendations in its "ECRI report on France (sixth monitoring cycle)".
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
The Council of Europe European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) published relevant recommendations in its "ECRI Report on France (sixth monitoring cycle)".