France

France regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. France's hate crime laws are a combination of general and specific penalty enhancement provisions. Hate crime data are collected by the Ministry of Justice, the National Institution for Human Rights, the police and the Gendarmerie. Hate crime data are regularly published by the National Institution for Human Rights. France conducts regular surveys on hate crime victimization.

How hate crime data is collected in France

How hate crime data is collected in France

When reported, all committed offences are given a criminal qualification code and label by police officers; each code and its label refer to a particular article of the penal code. In France, hate crime is defined by crime definitions in the criminal code. Depending on the type of offence, up to five bias motivations can be recorded: religion, racism, xenophobia, sexism and homophobia.

Frontline police officers identify and record hate crimes the moment they are reported based on victim perception and/or objective facts and circumstances that suggest the offence was bias-motivated. Police officers use a generic form to record hate crimes. Some fields, notably the criminal qualification codes and labels, are computed into a national database that compiles statistics on hate crime.

The Ministry of the Interior is responsible for two data collection processes. All security forces are connected to a central registration system. Data on hate crimes can be extracted from this database using the criminal qualification code under which they have been recorded. In addition to the central registration system, data on hate crimes have been manually collected since 2008 from local field offices by central intelligence services to specifically evaluate anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim offences. These data are discussed with Jewish and Muslim civil society organizations.

The Ministerial Statistical Department for Internal Security (SSMSI) at the Ministry of the Interior is responsible for producing reliable criminal statistics, and it publishes studies related to hate crime statistics on its Interstats website. The Ministry of Justice collects data from across the judiciary. The registration of data is subject to a strict and rigorous quality assurance process, based on a common codification called the "justice reference system", which groups together all criminal offences and allows the data to be cross-referenced, according to the number of cases (registered, prosecuted, sentenced), the type of motivation (homophobic, gender, racism, etc.), the type of offence and the type of criminal sanction. The Department of Statistics and Studies (SDSE) of the Ministry of Justice centralizes and uses statistical data coming from prosecutors' offices, from the Cassiopée information system (registration and processing proceedings) and final convictions entered in the criminal records. These data are published in the Annual Report on Racism, Antisemitism and Xenophobia prepared by the National Consultative Commission on Human Rights (CNCDH).

A working group, including the Ministerial Statistical Service of Internal Security (SSMSI), the Departmental Statistical Service of the Ministry of Justice and the Department of Criminal Affairs and Pardons (DACG), has been meeting since 2015. The group's objectives are to improve the methodology and produce comparable data on specific issues, particularly hate crimes.

Access more information at the Legislation Online website Legislationline TANDIS Access more information at the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Information System (TANDIS) website

OFFICIAL DATA

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2019 2640 - -
2018 1838 - -
2017 1505 Not available Not available
2016 1835 Not available 583
2015 1790 Not available Not available
2014 1662 Not available 554
2013 1765 579 Not available
2012 2357 604 550
2011 Not available Not available 431
2010 2 Not available 562
2009 Not available Not available 579

About 2019 Data

    The police figures reported to ODIHR included a further 3,409 cases of incitement to hatred or violence, and defamation or public insult. These offences for the most part fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime and are therefore not listed here.

Hate crime recorded by police

The police provide data broken down by racism and xenophobia (which also includes anti-religious hate crime) and bias on grounds of sex/gender (also including hate crimes committed with bias based on sexual orientation and gender identity).

The anti-Christian, anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim hate crimes presented below have been disaggregated separately by the Ministry of the Interior. Furthermore, anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim hate crimes have been consulted with civil society organizations that monitor such crimes.

INCIDENTS REPORTED BY OTHER SOURCES

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2019-03 Attacks against property
CCIF
 Show info
2019 Violent attacks against people
CCIF
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
CCIF
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
CCIF
 Show info
2019-05 Violent attacks against people
CCIF
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info

Anti-Roma hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2019-03 Attacks against property
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
 Show info
2019-03 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
 Show info

Anti-Muslim hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2019 Violent attacks against people
SETA
 Show info
2019-06 Violent attacks against people
SETA
 Show info
2019-10 Violent attacks against people
SETA
 Show info
2019-10 Violent attacks against people
SETA
 Show info
2019-09 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
CCIF
 Show info
2019-03 Violent attacks against people
CCIF
 Show info
2019 Violent attacks against people
CCIF
 Show info
2019-09 Attacks against property
CCIF
 Show info
2019-10 Violent attacks against people
CCIF
 Show info
2019-11 Threats
CCIF
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
CCIF
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
CCIF
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
CCIF
 Show info
2019 Attacks against property
CCIF
 Show info
2019-05 Violent attacks against people
CCIF
 Show info
2019-03 Violent attacks against people
CCIF
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
CCIF
 Show info
2019-10 Violent attacks against people
CCIF
 Show info

Anti-Christian hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2019-12 Attacks against property
Holy See
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
Holy See
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-09 Attacks against property
Holy See
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
Holy See
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
Holy See
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-06 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-06 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-06 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-06 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-06 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
Holy See
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
Holy See
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
Holy See
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
Holy See
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-03 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-01 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-01 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-01 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-01 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
Holy See
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
 Show info
2019-01 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-01 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-01 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-01 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-01 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-01 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-03 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-05 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-06 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-06 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-06 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-06 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-06 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-07 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-08 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-08 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-08 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-09 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-08 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-04 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-08 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-08 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-11 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-12 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-12 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-12 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-12 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-12 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019 Attacks against property
Holy See
 Show info
2019-02 Attacks against property
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info
2019-03 Violent attacks against people
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info
2019-03 Violent attacks against people
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info
2019-04 Violent attacks against people
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info
2019-04 Threats
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info
2019-06 Violent attacks against people
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info
2019-07 Violent attacks against people
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info
2019-08 Violent attacks against people
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info
2019-10 Violent attacks against people
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info
2019-10 Attacks against property
Jehovah's Witnesses
 Show info

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

Anti-Roma hate crime

The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) published relevant recommendations in its 2019 Roma and Travellers Survey findings, "Roma and Travellers in six countries."

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR observes that France has not reported to ODIHR the numbers of prosecuted hate crime cases.