Canada

About 2022 Data

Hate crime data presented here may not match data presented elsewhere. Differences may be due to some incidents being reported through a supplemental survey that collects data in aggregate form, updates to historical incidents following police investigations, and changes to reporting and dissemination practices.

Data on prosecuted and sentenced cases was submitted in the 2023 Hate Crime Reporting cycle, and thus was added to this table retrospectively in October 2024.

Data on prosecuted and sentenced cases covers the 2021/2022 fiscal year (1 April 2021 to 30 March 2022).

Number of prosecution figures reflect a “charge” in the Integrated Criminal Court Survey (ICCS). A charge refers to a formal accusation against an accused person or company involving a federal statute offence that has been processed by the courts and received a final decision. A charge is considered to be completed under any of the following conditions: the accused is acquitted or found guilty and sentenced (if applicable); the accused is found unfit to stand trial; the charge is stayed, withdrawn, dismissed, or discharged at preliminary hearing; the charge has been waived out of the province or territory.

Sentence figures reflect a “guilty” decision in the ICCS. A decision is a judgment made by the court. The decision categories are as follows: Guilty; Acquittal; Stay, Withdrawn, Dismissed; and Other decisions. Guilty findings include guilty of the charged offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the charged offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes guilty pleas, and cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.

The data on prosecuted and sentenced case include offences that fall outside the OSCE’s hate crime definition, but could not be disaggregated and therefore excluded from the above number.