Türkiye
Türkiye regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Türkiye implemented ODIHR's Training against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) programme following a memorandum of understanding signed in 2016. The government currently implements a Human Rights Action Plan launched in 2021, which includes objectives dedicated to addressing hate crime in the country, including providing support to victims.
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 93 | 476 | 260 |
| 2022 | 175 | 263 | 246 |
| 2021 | 87 | 210 | 374 |
| 2020 | 70 | 213 | 258 |
| 2019 | 79 | 248 | 319 |
| 2018 | - | 1983 | 589 |
| 2017 | 13 | 1967 | 500 |
| 2016 | 14 | 1455 | 290 |
| 2015 | Not available | 810 | 272 |
| 2014 | Not available | 658 | 202 |
| 2013 | Not available | 535 | 334 |
| 2012 | Not available | 497 | 158 |
| 2011 | Not available | 628 | 17 |
| 2010 | 6 | 330 | 297 |
| 2009 | 3 | 250 | 242 |
About 2022 Data
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The numbers in this table relate only to criminal offences constituting threats and damage to places of worship and cemeteries (Articles 115 and 153 of the Criminal Code).
Hate crime recorded by police
The breakdown below consists of police records related to the offences of "Prevention of the Exercise of Freedom of Belief, Thought and Conviction", and "Damaging Places of Worship and Cemeteries" (Articles 115 and 153 of Turkey’s Criminal Code).
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes Türkiye's efforts to provide training on hate crimes to police officers across the country However, based on available information, ODIHR observes that Türkiye's law enforcement agencies have not recorded the bias motivations of hate crimes. In addition, ODIHR also observes that Türkiye would benefit from reviewing the existing legal framework to ensure that bias motivations can be effectively acknowledged and appropriate penalties imposed on the perpetrators.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to promptly investigating hate crimes and ensuring that the motives of those convicted of hate crimes are acknowledged. To that end, law enforcement must first record the bias motivations of hate crimes. Participating States also committed to enacting specific, tailored legislation to combat hate crimes, providing for effective penalties that take into account the gravity of such crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support Türkiye in meeting the relevant commitments through its comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as by providing further resources and tailored legislative advice.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2022-03 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2022-06 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2022-02 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Anti-Roma hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | European Roma Rights Center (ERRC)
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Anti-Muslim hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
| 2022-08 | Violent attacks against people | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
| 2022-02 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
London Legal Group (LLG)
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Show info |
| 2022 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
| 2022 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
| 2022 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
| 2022-08 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
Anti-Christian hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
| 2022-09 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
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Show info |
Other hate crime based on religion or belief
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
London Legal Group (LLG)
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Gender-based hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
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| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2022-12 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
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| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2022-12 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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Show info |