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Turkey
Turkey regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Turkey's Criminal Code contains a specific penalty enhancement provision. Data are collected by the Interior Ministry and the Ministry of Justice, and are not made publicly available.
OFFICIAL DATA
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 79 | 248 | 319 |
| 2018 | - | 1983 | 589 |
| 2017 | 13 | 1967 | 500 |
| 2016 | 14 | 1455 | 290 |
| 2015 | Not available | 810 | 272 |
| 2014 | Not available | 658 | 202 |
| 2013 | Not available | 535 | 334 |
| 2012 | Not available | 497 | 158 |
| 2011 | Not available | 628 | 17 |
| 2010 | 6 | 330 | 297 |
| 2009 | 3 | 250 | 242 |
About 2019 Data
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The discrepancy between the number of offences in police and prosecutorial records is due to the fact that most crimes are registered by prosecutors, and not by the police. It should also be noted that the numbers in this table relate only to the criminal offences constituting threats and damaging places of worship and cemeteries (Articles 115 and 153 of Turkey’s Criminal Code). Turkey also reported a further 324 cases recorded by police under Article 122 (Hatred and Discrimination), Article 135 (Recording of Personal Data) and Article 216 (Provoking the Public to Hatred, Hostility or Degrading the Public) of Turkey’s Criminal Code, all of which constitute hate speech and discrimination and fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.
Hate crime recorded by police
The breakdown below consists of police records related to the offences of "Prevention of the Exercise of Freedom of Belief, Thought and Conviction", and "Damaging Places of Worship and Cemeteries" (Articles 115 and 153 of Turkey’s Criminal Code). The offences of "Hatred and Discrimination", "Recording of Personal Data", and "Provoking the Public to Hatred, Hostility or Degrading the Public" (Articles 122, 135 and 216 of the Criminal Code of Turkey) were not included since they fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY OTHER SOURCES
KAOS GL Association and Kantor Center reported only statistical data. This explains the discrepancy between the graphic above and the incidents included below.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-03 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
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| 2019-06 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
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| 2019-09 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
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| 2019-05 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2019-10 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
|
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| 2019-02 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative
|
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| 2019-03 | Threats | Freedom of Belief Initiative
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| 2019-10 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
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| 2019-08 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2019-11 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2019-09 | Attacks against property | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2019-02 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2019-06 | Attacks against property | London Legal Group (LLG)
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Anti-Semitic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-02 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative
|
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| 2019-03 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative
|
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Anti-Muslim hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-01 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative
|
Show info |
| 2019-03 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative
|
Show info |
| 2019-03 | Threats | Freedom of Belief Initiative
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| 2019-01 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative
|
Show info |
| 2019-04 | Threats | Freedom of Belief Initiative
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| 2019-06 | Violent attacks against people | Freedom of Belief Initiative
|
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| 2019-10 | Threats | Freedom of Belief Initiative
|
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| 2019-11 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative
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| 2019 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative
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Anti-Christian hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-05 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2019-02 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative
|
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| 2019-10 | Threats | Holy See
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| 2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Holy See
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| 2019-09 | Threats | Holy See
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Gender-based hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-01 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
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Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-01 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
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| 2019-05 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
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| 2019-06 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
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| 2019-04 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
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| 2019-06 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
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| 2019-01 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
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INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
No information is available.
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR observes that Turkey's law enforcement agencies have not recorded the bias motivations of hate crimes.