Skip to main content
Home
  • English
  • Русский

Main navigation

  • Home
    • About us
    • ODIHR's mandate
    • ODIHR's methodology
    • Sitemap
    • FAQs
  • Hate Crime Data
    • Racist and xenophobic hate crime
    • Anti-Roma hate crime
    • Anti-Semitic hate crime
    • Anti-Muslim hate crime
    • Anti-Christian hate crime
    • Other hate crime based on religion or belief
    • Gender-based hate crime
    • Anti-LGBTI hate crime
    • Disability hate crime
  • ODIHR's Tools
  • Civil Society
  • Participating States
  • Image
    Albania
    Albania
  • Image
    Andorra
  • Image
    Armenia
  • Image
    Austria
  • Image
    Azerbaijan
  • Image
    Belarus
  • Image
    Belgium
  • Image
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Image
    Bulgaria
  • Image
    Canada
  • Image
    Croatia
  • Image
    Cyprus
  • Image
    Czech Republic
  • Image
    Denmark
  • Image
    Estonia
  • Image
    Finland
  • Image
    France
  • Image
    Georgia
  • Image
    Germany
  • Image
    Greece
  • Image
    Holy See
  • Image
    Hungary
  • Image
    Iceland
  • Image
    Ireland
  • Image
    Italy
  • Image
    Kazakhstan
  • Image
    Kyrgyzstan
  • Image
    Latvia
  • Image
    Liechtenstein
  • Image
    Lithuania
  • Image
    Luxembourg
  • Image
    Malta
  • Image
    Moldova
  • Image
    Monaco
  • Image
    Mongolia
  • Image
    Montenegro
  • Image
    Netherlands
  • Image
    North Macedonia
    North Macedonia
  • Image
    Norway
  • Image
    Poland
  • Image
    Portugal
  • Image
    Romania
  • Image
    Russian Federation
  • Image
    San Marino
  • Image
    Serbia
  • Image
    Slovakia
  • Image
    Slovenia
  • Image
    Spain
  • Image
    Sweden
  • Image
    Switzerland
  • Image
    Tajikistan
  • Image
    Türkiye
    Türkiye
  • Image
    Turkmenistan
  • Image
    Ukraine
  • Image
    United Kingdom
  • Image
    United States of America
  • Image
    Uzbekistan

Country pages menu

  • Overview
  • Hate crimes - Official data
  • ODIHR's key observations
  • Hate incidents - Unofficial data
  • International reports
Image

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. 

Authorities collaborate closely with civil society, including through Information Sharing Agreements concluded between the police and the Community Security Trust (CST), Galop and Tell MAMA, which enable the exchange of recorded data about incidents. The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) regularly convenes an external consultation group (ECG) on hate crime, whose members include community organizations, victim advocacy groups, academics with relevant expertise and others. ECG members scrutinize CPS policies and practices, and suggest where improvements can be made.   

In Northern Ireland, the Department of Justice chairs a multi-agency Hate Crime Delivery Group (HCDG) to identify strategic, cross-governmental priorities and develop new approaches to dealing with hate crime. The group meets quarterly and includes representatives of government departments, criminal justice agencies and victim groups. The Department of Justice and Northern Ireland Policing Board jointly fund Policing and Community Safety Partnerships (PCSPs) to engage and consult with the local community, and work with local partners to identify and prioritize local community safety and policing issues and develop initiatives and projects to address these. 

In Scotland, there is the Hate Crime Strategic Partnership Group (SPG), which brings together criminal justice agencies and civil society organizations with hate crime expertise.  The SPG helped ensure a multi-agency strategic approach was taken to the develop the Hate Crime Strategy for Scotland. The Hate Crime and Public Order Act (Scotland) Act 2021 became an Act of Parliament on 23 April 2021. The Act was commenced on 1 April 2024. 

The UK's College of Policing has developed guidelines for police on responding to hate crime, and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) has issued relevant guidance for prosecutors and published public policy statements on particular hate crime strands. 

Police and prosecution data, which cover the reporting period from April to March of the following year, are regularly published by the relevant criminal justice agencies of England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. 

Hate crime data collection in the United Kingdom
Support for hate crime victims in the United Kingdom
Hate crime capacity building in the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom's hate crime legislation
TANDIS Access more information at the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Information System (TANDIS) website

SELECT YEAR

  • 2023
  • 2022
  • 2021
  • 2020
  • 2019
  • 2018
  • 2017
  • 2016
  • 2015
  • 2014
  • 2013
  • 2012
  • 2011
  • 2010
  • 2009
Download the 2021 hate crime report for United Kingdom

OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2023 148,735 Not available Not available
2022 147,447 296 (NI) 1,107
2021 158,018 5,984 932
2020 125,848 16,824 9,510
2019 106,672 14,058 9,340
2018 111,076 18,055 10,817
2017 95,552 14,535 11,987
2016 80,763 20,321 Not available
2015 62518 21300 13103
2014 52853 4872 549
2013 47986 19689 12353
2012 47676 19205 10794
2011 50688 19802 12651
2010 53946 19342 11405
2009 58692 13030 10690

About 2021 Data

    Police data represent hate crimes recorded in England and Wales (155,841) and Northern Ireland (2,177). The 2021 police records on Scotland were not available at the time of publishing the 2021 Hate Crime Report. Hate crimes recorded by police include "public order offences", some of which fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime. Prosecution records consists of 5,640 offences prosecuted in Scotland and 344 cases in Northern Ireland. The number of convictions consist of 816 court decisions in Scotland and 116 cases in Northern Ireland in which defendants were convicted for at least one hate crime offence.

Hate crime recorded by police

The disaggregated data below are only for England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, but not Scotland. The police and several civil society organizations involved in monitoring hate incidents (including the Community Security Trust, Galop and Tell MAMA) exchange data on a regular basis about recorded incidents. This data sharing is governed by Information Sharing Agreements signed by the police and each of the civil society organizations. As a result, some of the offences presented below (particularly data on anti-Semitic hate crime and hate crime motivated by intolerance against Muslims) are also included in reporting by the relevant civil society organizations elsewhere on this page.

  • By bias motivation
  • By type of crime
Download official data
Download official data

National developments

In December 2021, the Law Commission published its final recommendations on improving hate crime legislation, applicable for England and Wales, following a wide-ranging review and public consultation conducted in 2019 and 2021.

In 2021, the Police Service of Northern Ireland held a number of awareness-raising activities throughout the year on what constitutes a hate crime, how to report it and support available through the Advocacy Service. Due to COVID-19 restrictions in 2021, social media was widely used for this purpose.

The Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland provided a detailed consultation response as part of Judge Marrinan's Review of Hate Crime Legislation. The Service has also provided further responses in relation to proposed legislative changes, and continues to work closely with the Department of Justice for Northern Ireland and other stakeholders on policy development around new hate crime provisions.

In February 2021, the Scottish Government published its research report, "A Study into the Characteristics of Police Recorded Hate Crime in Scotland”, which presents updated statistics on the number of hate crimes recorded by the police in Scotland from 2014 to 2020. The study also includes the nature of hate crimes recorded by police in 2018 and 2019, including the characteristics of both victims and perpetrators.

The report showed that since reporting on 2014-15, the number of hate crimes recorded has fluctuated between 6,300 and 7,000 crimes.

In March 2021, the Scottish Parliament passed the Hate Crime and Public Order (Scotland) Bill, which extends the list of protected characteristics to include "age" and allows a further extension to include "sex", among other changes.

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR recognizes the United Kingdom's efforts to regularly report hate crime data to ODIHR. However, it observes that the United Kingdom would benefit from raising awareness among and building the capacity of criminal justice officials to address hate crime, particularly with regard to some of the more isolated victim groups.

ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to introducing or further developing professional training and capacity-building activities for law enforcement, prosecution and judicial officials dealing with hate crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support the United Kingdom in meeting the relevant commitments through its comprehensive resources and tailored capacity-building assistance for police, prosecutors, and the judiciary.


Our methodology

INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY

  • Total Incidents
  • Targeted properties
  • Type of property attacks

In addition to incidents summarized below, this graph includes 386 cases of anti-Semitic incidents reported by the Community Security Trust.

In addition to incidents summarized below, this graph includes 386 cases of anti-Semitic incidents reported by the Community Security Trust.

In addition to incidents summarized below, this graph includes 386 cases of anti-Semitic incidents reported by the Community Security Trust.

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2021-08 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-06 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-07 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-03 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-06 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-11 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-09 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-02 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-04 Threats/Harassment
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2021-01 Attacks against property
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Threats/Harassment
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-09 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-01 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-08 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info

Anti-Semitic hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2021-04 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-10 Violent attacks against people
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-07 Threats/Harassment
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-07 Threats/Harassment
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info
2021-08 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2021-05 Threats/Harassment
Federation of Jewish Communities in the Czech Republic
Show info
2021-07 Threats/Harassment
Federation of Jewish Communities in the Czech Republic
Show info
2021-05 Threats/Harassment
OIDAC
Show info

Anti-Muslim hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2021-02 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-03 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-05 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-01 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-02 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-05 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-05 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-06 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-05 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-06 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-05 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-04 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-06 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-08 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-08 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-11 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-08 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-09 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-06 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-01 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-06 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-12 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-07 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-12 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-10 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-10 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-11 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-10 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-09 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info

Anti-Christian hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2021-10 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-01 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-05 Threats/Harassment
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
Show info
2021-10 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info

Other hate crime based on religion or belief

Date Type of incident Source Description
2021-05 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info

Gender-based hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2021-05 Violent attacks against people
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-08 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-12 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info
2021-02 Threats/Harassment
Islamophobia Response Unit (IRU)
Show info

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2021-07 Threats/Harassment
Community Security Trust (CST)
Show info

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

The Council of Europe European Commissioner for Human Rights published relevant recommendations in its "Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe Dunja Mijatović Report Following her Visit to the United Kingdom from 27 June to 1 July 2022".

Contact Us

Email tndinfo@odihr.pl
Tel +48 22 520 06 00
Fax +48 22 520 06 05
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Department
Ul. Miodowa 10
00-251
Warsaw, Poland

Footer

  • ODIHR
  • ODIHR contacts
  • OSCE
  • About OSCE websites
  • Terms of service

Log In

  • Reset your password