United Kingdom
The United Kingdom regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR.
Authorities collaborate closely with civil society, including through Information Sharing Agreements concluded between the police and the Community Security Trust (CST), Galop and Tell MAMA, which enable the exchange of recorded data about incidents. The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) regularly convenes the external consultation group (ECG) on hate crime together with community organizations, victim advocacy groups, academics with relevant expertise and others. ECG members scrutinize CPS policies and practices, and inform about necessary changes and improvements.
In Northern Ireland, the Department of Justice chairs a multi-agency Hate Crime Delivery Group (HCDG) to identify strategic, cross-governmental priorities and develop new approaches to dealing with hate crime. The group meets quarterly and includes representatives of government departments, criminal justice agencies and victim groups. The Department of Justice and Northern Ireland Policing Board jointly fund Policing and Community Safety Partnerships (PCSPs) to engage and consult with the local community, and work with local partners to identify and prioritize local community safety and policing issues and develop initiatives and projects to address these.
The Scotland, there is the Hate Crime Strategic Partnership Group (SPG), which brings together criminal justice agencies and civil society organizations with hate crime expertise. The SPG helped ensure a multi-agency strategic approach was taken to the development of the Hate Crime Strategy for Scotland.
The UK's College of Policing has developed guidelines for police on responding to hate crime, and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) has issued relevant guidance for prosecutors and published public policy statements on particular hate crime strands.
Police and prosecution data, which cover the reporting period from April to March of the following year, are regularly published by the relevant criminal justice agencies of England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland.
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
---|---|---|---|
2022 | 147,447 | 296 (NI) | Not available |
2021 | 158,018 | 5,984 | 932 |
2020 | 125,848 | 16,824 | 9,510 |
2019 | 106,672 | 14,058 | 9,340 |
2018 | 111,076 | 18,055 | 10,817 |
2017 | 95,552 | 14,535 | 11,987 |
2016 | 80,763 | 20,321 | Not available |
2015 | 62518 | 21300 | 13103 |
2014 | 52853 | 4872 | 549 |
2013 | 47986 | 19689 | 12353 |
2012 | 47676 | 19205 | 10794 |
2011 | 50688 | 19802 | 12651 |
2010 | 53946 | 19342 | 11405 |
2009 | 58692 | 13030 | 10690 |
About 2019 Data
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Police data represent hate crimes recorded in England and Wales (105,090) and Northern Ireland (1,582). More than half of hate crimes recorded by police represent "public order offences", some of which fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime. Prosecution data consists of 8,446 cases in England and Wales and 5,612 cases in Scotland. The number of convictions is for England and Wales only.
Hate crime recorded by police
The disaggregated data below are for England and Wales only. The Police and several civil society organizations involved in monitoring hate incidents (including the Community Security Trust, Galop and Tell MAMA) exchange data on a regular basis about recorded incidents. This data sharing is governed by Information Sharing Agreements signed by the Police and each of the civil society organizations. As a result, some of the information presented below (particularly data on anti-Semitic hate crime and hate crime motivated by intolerance against Muslims) is also included in reporting by the abovementioned civil society organizations elsewhere on this page.
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR observes that the United Kingdom has met most OSCE commitments on hate crime data collection and reporting.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
Community Security Trust (CST) reported descriptive incidents as well as statistical data. Kantor Center reported only statistical data. This explains the discrepancy between the graphic above and the incidents included below.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
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2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-12 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-08 | Violent attacks against people | SETA
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2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-05 | Threats | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-03 | Attacks against property | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-02 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-01 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019 | Threats | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-10 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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Anti-Roma hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
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2019-11 | Attacks against property | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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2019-11 | Attacks against property | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Anti-Semitic hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
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2019-01 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019-12 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019-12 | Threats | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019 | Threats | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019-01 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019-10 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019-07 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019-04 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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Anti-Muslim hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
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2019-04 | Attacks against property | SETA
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2019-04 | Attacks against property | SETA
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2019-03 | Attacks against property | SETA
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2019-12 | Attacks against property | SETA
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2019-10 | Attacks against property | SETA
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2019-08 | Attacks against property | SETA
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2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | SETA
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2019-06 | Violent attacks against people | SETA
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2019-08 | Violent attacks against people | SETA
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2019-03 | Attacks against property | SETA
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2019-11 | Attacks against property | SETA
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2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-12 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019 | Attacks against property | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-01 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-06 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-09 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-09 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019 | Threats | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-12 | Threats | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-11 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-05 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-08 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-10 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-11 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-08 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-01 | Attacks against property | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-09 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019 | Threats | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-02 | Threats | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-09 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-12 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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Anti-Christian hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
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2019-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-06 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-06 | Attacks against property | Holy See
OIDAC
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2019-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-06 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-05 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-05 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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2019-03 | Attacks against property | Holy See
OIDAC
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2019-02 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-01 | Threats | Holy See
OIDAC
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2019-01 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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2019-09 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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2019-06 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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2019-11 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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Gender-based hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
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2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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2019-05 | Violent attacks against people | International Organization for Migration (IOM)
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Anti-LGBTI hate crime
Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
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2019-07 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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2019-05 | Violent attacks against people | International Organization for Migration (IOM)
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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Show info |
INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
Anti-Roma hate crime
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) published relevant recommendations in its 2019 Roma and Travellers Survey findings, "Roma and Travellers in six countries."