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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. 

Authorities collaborate closely with civil society, including through Information Sharing Agreements concluded between the police and the Community Security Trust (CST), Galop and Tell MAMA, which enable the exchange of recorded data about incidents. The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) regularly convenes an external consultation group (ECG) on hate crime, whose members include community organizations, victim advocacy groups, academics with relevant expertise and others. ECG members scrutinize CPS policies and practices, and suggest where improvements can be made.   

In Northern Ireland, the Department of Justice chairs a multi-agency Hate Crime Delivery Group (HCDG) to identify strategic, cross-governmental priorities and develop new approaches to dealing with hate crime. The group meets quarterly and includes representatives of government departments, criminal justice agencies and victim groups. The Department of Justice and Northern Ireland Policing Board jointly fund Policing and Community Safety Partnerships (PCSPs) to engage and consult with the local community, and work with local partners to identify and prioritize local community safety and policing issues and develop initiatives and projects to address these. 

In Scotland, there is the Hate Crime Strategic Partnership Group (SPG), which brings together criminal justice agencies and civil society organizations with hate crime expertise.  The SPG helped ensure a multi-agency strategic approach was taken to the develop the Hate Crime Strategy for Scotland. The Hate Crime and Public Order Act (Scotland) Act 2021 became an Act of Parliament on 23 April 2021. The Act was commenced on 1 April 2024. 

The UK's College of Policing has developed guidelines for police on responding to hate crime, and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) has issued relevant guidance for prosecutors and published public policy statements on particular hate crime strands. 

Police and prosecution data, which cover the reporting period from April to March of the following year, are regularly published by the relevant criminal justice agencies of England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. 

Hate crime data collection in the United Kingdom
Support for hate crime victims in the United Kingdom
Hate crime capacity building in the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom's hate crime legislation
TANDIS Access more information at the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Information System (TANDIS) website

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Download the 2013 hate crime report for United Kingdom

OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2023 148,735 Not available Not available
2022 147,447 296 (NI) 1,107
2021 158,018 5,984 932
2020 125,848 16,824 9,510
2019 106,672 14,058 9,340
2018 111,076 18,055 10,817
2017 95,552 14,535 11,987
2016 80,763 20,321 Not available
2015 62518 21300 13103
2014 52853 4872 549
2013 47986 19689 12353
2012 47676 19205 10794
2011 50688 19802 12651
2010 53946 19342 11405
2009 58692 13030 10690

About 2013 Data

    Police data include recorded hate crimes in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, but do not include figures for Scotland. The number of cases prosecuted is as follows: 14074 for England and Wales, 566 in Northern Ireland and 5049 in Scotland. Data on sentencing do not include Scotland. All data cover period from April 2013 to March 2014.

Hate crime recorded by police

  • By bias motivation
  • By type of crime
Download official data
Download official data

National developments

In 2013 The College of Policing in the United Kingdom published a Hate Crime Strategy and Operational Guidance. The documents set out the way the police and partners should deal with hate crime and provides information to victims about the standards of service they should expect to receive when they report crime to the police. The documents are publicly available on the police's True Vision website and it has been downloaded over 5000 times since their launch.

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR observes that the United Kingdom has met OSCE commitments on hate crime data collection and reporting. ODIHR further observes that data on certain OSCE-mandated bias motivations have not been reported and that the United Kingdom did not report prosecution data from 2012.

Incidents reported by civil society, international organizations and the Holy See

Developments

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

Stonewall launched a new hate crime reporting guide entitled "How to Report Hate Crime", which informs people about their legal rights, where to go for help and why it is important to report hate crime.

read more ›

Anti-Muslim hate crime

Tell MAMA provided training on countering anti-Muslim hate crimes to frontline officers in six police forces in England and Wales; signed memorandums of understanding on hate crime data recording with police and victim support agencies to improve help to victims; and worked with Twitter, leading to improvements in the way users can report and block abusive content.

read more ›

Reports

Disability hate crime

Galop reported one incident of threats and damage to property against a gay man with mental disabilities.

read more ›

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

Faith Matters reported one physical assault against a girl of mixed ethnicity and one case of damage to a car owned by a Pakistani family. Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND) reported two physical assaults causing serious injuries, one of which was carried out by a group against two men of South Asian origin; a further three physical assaults, including one carried out by a group after a march by the English Defence League; one incident of damage to property; and two incidents of graffiti, including racist graffiti, on an Islamic centre.

read more ›

Anti-Semitic hate crime

The Community Security Trust (CST) reported 69 physical assaults, including four carried out by groups, one case in which two girls were pushed into oncoming traffic and two incidents where bricks, stones or eggs were thrown; four physical assaults resulting in serious injuries, including one involving a robbery; 46 incidents of damage to property; 38 threats; 48 incidents of graffiti, including 11 incidents where synagogues were desecrated or damaged and one incident where swastikas were painted on the pavement outside a Jewish nursery; 20 incidents involving the homes or vehicles parked outside the homes of Jewish people, including an incident where raw ham and prawns were pushed through the letterbox of a woman’s home; and one incident of the desecration of a cemetery. World Without Nazism reported one physical assault by a group against two Yeshiva students and one incident of damage to a memorial plate dedicated to three victims of the Holocaust.

read more ›

Anti-Muslim hate crime

Faith Matters reported two physical assaults, both against Muslim women, two incidents of threats and one arson attack. The Community Security Trust (CST) reported an incident of graffiti on a mosque.

Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND) reported the murder of an 82-year-old man after Friday prayers and two attempted bombings, all carried out by the same person. MEND also reported four physical assaults causing serious injuries, two of which targeted women wearing headscarves; 13 physical assaults, including ten against women and four involving attempts to remove their headscarves; and a further two attempted physical assaults against women, both involving attempts to remove their headscarves.

In addition, MEND reported three incidents of damage to property, including one in which a house was damaged and a pig’s head was left on the driveway; a further ten incidents involving pigs’ heads or bacon being placed outside family homes and mosques; 15 incidents of graffiti on mosques or Islamic centres; seven incidents in which mosque windows were smashed; three further incidents of the desecration of mosques; one incident involving the desecration of four Muslim graves; and three incidents of threats, including a bomb threat against a mosque. MEND also reported seven arson attacks, two of which were against mosques, including one incident during which worshippers were inside the mosque, and one of which was against a school and resulted in two boys requiring treatment for smoke inhalation.         

World Without Nazism reported two murders; one incident involving several physical assaults that caused serious injuries, in which several people were stabbed and four people, including a police officer, were hospitalized; and six arson attacks, including five against mosques and one against a Muslim school. World Without Nazism also reported eight incidents of the desecration of a place of worship, including three incidents in which a pig's head was left inside or near a mosque and five incidents of graffiti on mosques; one incident of the desecration of a cemetery, in which graves were covered in graffiti; one incident in which a bomb was found near a mosque; and one incident in which a Muslim woman wearing a headscarf was spat at on the street.

read more ›

Hate crime against Christians and members of other religions

The Observatory on Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians reported three arson attacks on churches.

World Without Nazism reported one arson attack and one attempted bombing against a church and one incident of graffiti on a Sikh boarding school.

read more ›

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

Transgender Europe reported three physical assaults against transgender women.

read more ›

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

In its mission report on the United Kingdom, the United Nations Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent noted concerns about discrimination in various aspects of policing and the justice system in the country. The Working Group recommended that the legal framework for stop and search be amended to include requirements for reasonable suspicion for all police stops; that statistics anonymously identifying the ethnicity of persons subject to stop and search be collected and publicly reported; and that steps be taken towards increasing the number of people of African descent working in the law-enforcement and justice systems.

Anti-Semitic hate crime

The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) published findings from a survey on experiences and perceptions of anti-Semitism conducted in Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The survey showed that many respondents have been victims of anti-Semitic violence and harassment, and feared becoming hate crime victims in the future. The survey also mapped the extent of unreported anti-Semitic hate crime. FRA recommended that EU Member States consider taking a number of steps to improve the reporting, recording, investigating and prosecuting of hate crimes.

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Email tndinfo@odihr.pl
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OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
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