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Poland

Poland regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Poland's Criminal Code contains several substantive offences. Data reported to ODIHR include cases of incitement to hatred. Hate crime data are collected by the Department of Control, Complaints and Petitions of the Ministry of the Interior, the General Police Headquarters, the Internal Security Agency, the Preparatory Proceedings Office of the General Prosecutor's Office, the Ministry of Justice, the Institute of National Remembrance – General Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation, and the Ombudsman's Office. Hate crime data are regularly published. 

How hate crime data is collected in Poland

How hate crime data is collected in Poland

Several public bodies are involved in monitoring and/or collecting data on hate crimes. The main actors in this field are the police and the Prosecutor's Office. Each has a separate recording system and methodology for this task. Since 2015, the police and the Ministry of the Interior and Administration have jointly developed and shared a hate crime data collection system.

All offences committed against people because of their racial, national, ethnic or religious background are classified as hate crimes. While there are no general guidelines on hate crime recording, police officers are required to establish whether the perpetrator was acting out of bias motivation. Bias indicators such as behaviour and statements during the act, circumstances of the crime and characteristics and circumstances connected with the victim are used to determine the motive.

Hate crimes are flagged on the incident form as well as in the police force's electronic database.

Special co-ordinators at both the central (the National Hate Crime Co-ordinator in the Criminal Bureau of the General Police Headquarters) and local levels (police headquarters in every Voivodeship and the Metropolitan Police Headquarters) are responsible for preventing and investigating hate crimes, as well as for compiling data from their district and reporting them monthly to the National Police Information System (KSIP). Monthly reports are forwarded to the Ministry of the Interior and Administration. The same structure is also used to monitor hate speech incidents, which are crimes under the Polish Penal Code. However, these can be separated in the reporting. Data from the police are available on request.

Prosecutors record hate crimes when bias motivations are identified in the proceedings or are implicit in the crime. Guidelines on conducting proceedings for hate crimes cases, issued by the prosecutor general in 2014, unify practices for the prosecution and reporting of hate crimes. Every prosecuted hate crime should be reported to a superior Prosecutor's Office. The cases are also monitored by the Department of Preparatory Proceedings of the National Public Prosecutor's Office, which issues a report on all cases to the Prosecutor General and provides recommendations to subordinate Prosecutor's Offices. The National Public Prosecutor's Office publishes data on hate crime online every six months. Published data contain excerpts from reports on investigations conducted in the organizational units of the prosecutor in a given period of time.

The Division of Statistical Management Information in the Department of Strategy and European Funds of the Ministry of Justice is responsible for organizing, co-ordinating, supervising and preparing statistical reports, including information on hate crimes. The data are obtained from two sources: statistical reports prepared by courts every six months, and the electronic database of the National Criminal Register. The data are published online.

Besides collating the reports from police and receiving information on judicial outcomes from the courts, the Ministry of the Interior and Administration also conducts its own independent monitoring activities.

Access more information at the Legislation Online website Legislationline TANDIS Access more information at the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Information System (TANDIS) website

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OFFICIAL DATA

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2019 972 432 597
2018 1117 397 315
2017 886 320 260
2016 874 281 236
2015 263 229 195
2014 778 179 127
2013 757 116 53
2012 266 76 39
2011 222 43 24
2010 251 30 28
2009 194 29 27

About 2013 Data

    Two sets of data are reported to ODIHR: The overall number of hate crimes is provided by the police and disaggregated by the type of crime, but not by bias motivation (presented in the “unspecified” bias motivation section below). The Ministry of the Interior reports a number of hate crimes disaggregated by bias motivation, but not by the type of crime. Most of the cases recorded by the Ministry of the Interior are included in the overall figure (although due to technical limitations, these are also displayed separately below). Reported data include crimes of incitement to hatred.
  • By bias motivation
  • By type of crime
Download official data
Download official data

National developments

The Polish Police continued to provide training for police officers on hate crimes delivered as part of ODIHR’s TAHCLE programme. In 2013, on recommendation of the Ministry of Interior, the management of police units was included in the training programme.

In July 2013, the Prosecutor General designated two district prosecutor’s offices per region to lead investigations into hate crimes committed in the respective region. In each of the designated district offices, two prosecutors were put in charge of these investigations. In September, 96 of these specialized prosecutors received training on hate crimes.

In February 2013, the Council for the Prevention of Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance was established to co-ordinate the government’s activities in preventing racial discrimination, xenophobia and related discrimination. In November 2013, the Council adopted a Framework Programme. The Council will be collecting information about events associated with a high level of risk in the context of intolerance directed against representatives of national and ethnic minorities.

Incidents reported by civil society, international organizations and the Holy See

Reports

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

The Never Again Association reported 18 physical assaults, nine of which resulted in serious injury and six of which were carried out by groups. Victims included individuals from Bulgaria, Egypt, Guinea, the Russian Federation (including two women and a child of Chechen origin), Sierra Leone, Sudan and Ukraine, as well as a man of Vietnamese origin. The Association also reported a further three arson attacks, including two against Chechen families and one against the home of a man of Indian origin, his Polish wife and her parents; seven incidents of graffiti, including on an African restaurant in Warsaw, two on a German Minority Association centre in Siemianowice Śląskie and one on the apartment of a mixed Polish and African family; one incident of threats; and three incidents of damage to property, including a series of incidents against a Turkish kebab shop and the desecration of a Greek Catholic church in Trzebiatów. World Without Nazism reported one arson attack against the home of a Chechen family.

read more ›

Anti-Semitic hate crime

The Never Again Association and the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland reported one incident of the desecration of a cemetery and one incident of graffiti. The Never Again Association and World Without Nazism reported one incident of graffiti. The Never Again Association reported a further six incidents of the desecration of Jewish cemeteries, including one incident where most of the tombstones in the cemetery were destroyed, and a further four incidents of graffiti, including two on synagogues. World Without Nazism reported one incident of threats; one attempted physical assault against an Orthodox Jewish man; six incidents of the desecration of Jewish cemeteries; four incidents of the desecration of synagogues; and 11 incidents of graffiti and one incident of the desecration of a Holocaust memorial.

read more ›

Anti-Muslim hate crime

The Never Again Association reported a series of physical assaults, which also involved anti-Muslim and racist insults, against two men and two women in a restaurant owned by Syrians. The organization also reported one arson attack against a mosque and two incidents of graffiti, one on a mosque and the other on a shop. World Without Nazism reported an arson attack against a mosque.

read more ›

Hate crime against Christians and members of other religions

The Never Again Association reported one incident of the desecration of a place of worship, also involving an anti-Semitic bias. It also reported one incident of graffiti, which also involved a racist or xenophobic bias.

read more ›

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

The Campaign Against Homophobia reported 34 physical assaults, including 20 physical assaults resulting in serious injuries, one arson attack, three incidents of damage to property and 82 threats. The Never Again Association reported four physical assaults, including one assault resulting in serious injury against a gay man who subsequently required hospital treatment; one attack by a group against LGBT activists, with one victim suffering a broken rib; an attack against a gay couple on the metro; and a series of physical assaults against organizers of gay pride events, in which perpetrators threw eggs and bags filled with water. The association also reported one case of graffiti on the apartment of a transgender woman; one case of the vandalism of a permanent outdoor art installation in Warsaw; and a smoke grenade attack against a building hosting a film event on LGBTI issues. World Without Nazism reported one physical assault.

read more ›

Anti-Roma hate crime

The Never Again Association reported three physical assaults carried out by groups, including one against children and a teacher who was trying to protect them; an attack against a Roma family’s home that involved tear gas and caused damage to windows; and an attack against two Roma women and a child. The Association also reported one threat, an incident of incitement to violence and two incidents of graffiti.

read more ›

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

No information is available.

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR observes that Poland has not reported on hate crimes separately from cases of hate speech.

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Contact Us

Email tndinfo@odihr.pl
Tel +48 22 520 06 00
Fax +48 22 520 06 05
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Department
Ul. Miodowa 10
00-251
Warsaw, Poland

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