Spain
Spain regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Spain publishes annual reports on hate crimes.
Spain implemented ODIHR's Training Against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) programme in 2019, and the Prosecutor General's Office has established a network of dedicated hate crime prosecutors across the country. A regional TAHCLE in Valencia was implemented in 2016.
The Ministry of Interior has a dedicated protocol that regulates how law enforcement handles hate crime cases and sets out the specific rights of hate crime victims. Within the Ministry, the Spanish National Office Against Hate Crimes (ONDOD) is responsible for the Hate Crime Action Plan (adopted for 2019-2021 and 2022-2024). Currently, the Action Plan covers the areas of victim support, co-ordination among state authorities, civil society and the private sector, hate crime prevention, specialization within the police, training, awareness raising, and the allocation of adequate human resources in ONDOD.
In 2023, Spain implemented a new national Strategic Framework against racism and xenophobia
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2,268 | 210 | 157 |
| 2022 | 1,869 | 191 | 152 |
| 2021 | 1,802 | 192 | 91 |
| 2020 | 1401 | 675 | 144 |
| 2019 | 1706 | Not available | Not available |
| 2018 | 1598 | Not available | Not available |
| 2017 | 1419 | Not available | Not available |
| 2016 | 1272 | Not available | Not available |
| 2015 | 1328 | Not available | Not available |
| 2014 | 1285 | Not available | Not available |
| 2013 | 1168 | Not available | Not available |
| 2012 | 261 | Not available | Not available |
| 2011 | 224 | Not available | Not available |
| 2010 | 92 | Not available | Not available |
| 2009 | 93 | Not available | Not available |
About 2022 Data
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The police figures presented here may include offences that fall outside of the OSCE's hate crime definition, such as hate speech.
Prosecution figures refer to the number of indictments.
Hate crime recorded by police
The breakdown below does not include 245 offences motivated by ideology.
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes Spain's efforts to expand the list of protected characteristics in the national law and efforts to co-ordinate the work of government agencies to address hate crime. However, based on the available information, it observes that Spain would benefit from strengthening collaboration with and facilitating the efforts of civil society working to address hate crime and support hate crime victims.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decisions 9/09 and 13/06, OSCE participating States committed to taking a proactive and inclusive approach to civil society. ODIHR stands ready to support Spain in meeting its relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and assistance.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-08 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-10 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-10 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-08 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | Safer and Stronger Communities in Europe
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Anti-Roma hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | European Roma Rights Center (ERRC)
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| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | Fundación Secretariado Gitano (FSG)
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| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | Fundación Secretariado Gitano (FSG)
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | Fundación Secretariado Gitano (FSG)
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| 2022-08 | Threats/Harassment | Fundación Secretariado Gitano (FSG)
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Anti-Semitic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Anti-Muslim hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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Show info |
| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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Show info |
| 2022-08 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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Show info |
Anti-Christian hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2022-12 | Violent attacks against people | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | OIDAC
Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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| 2022-08 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2022-10 | Violent attacks against people | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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Show info |
| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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| 2022-12 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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Show info |
| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | OIDAC
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Other hate crime based on religion or belief
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-10 | Threats/Harassment | OIDAC
Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |