Italy

Italy regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Italy's Criminal Code contains general penalty enhancement and substantive offence provisions. Hate crime data are collected by law enforcement authorities and the Ministry of Interior. Data are not made publicly available.

How hate crime data is collected

Italian legislation does not provide a definition of hate crime. Hate crimes, like all other crimes, are recorded by competent police officers. There is no instruction or policy document to guide police in identifying and recording hate crimes.

Initial crime reports, including victim information and information about police action and legal qualification, are entered into and stored in the Sistema di Indagine (SDI) investigation crime database. The SDI is organized according to different criminal law provisions, which are marked on every report entered into the system. For this reason, the SDI system only serves to register the strands of hate crime mentioned in the law, including ethnicity, nationality, race, religion or crime against national linguistic minorities. There is no specific marker for each bias motivation in the SDI, so crimes cannot be distinguished from one another in the database according to motive. Crimes committed on discriminatory grounds other than those explicitly outlined in the law (e.g., gender identity or sexual orientation) are entered into the SDI as ordinary offences.

A separate system exists for monitoring these additional strands of hate crimes. The Observatory for Security against Discriminatory Acts (OSCAD) collects reports of these crimes. Not all the reports collected by OSCAD are included in the SDI database. In 2011, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between OSCAD and the National Office against Racial Discrimination (UNAR) of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. UNAR and OSCAD exchange information about incidents on this basis. Through this mechanism, UNAR submits to OSCAD hate crime cases reported to its contact centre.

A government unit is responsible for managing the national SDI database, including hate crimes. The Service of the Multi-Agency Information System is part of the Ministry of the Interior's Central Directorate of Criminal Police of the Department of Public Security.

As the SDI does not allow hate crime bias motivations to be distinguished, only aggregated data on all monitored strands of hate crime are available. This aggregate number includes hate crimes committed on the grounds of race/skin colour, ethnicity, origin, minority status, citizenship, language, bias against Roma and Sinti, and bias against religion (including anti-Semitism, anti-Muslim, anti-Christian and other religions).

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Official Data

Year	Hate crimes recorded by police	Prosecuted	Sentenced
2019	1119	-	-
2018	1111	613	46
2017	1048	613	40
2016	736	424	31
2015	555	Not available	Not available

Hate crimes recorded by police

The data presented here includes information from the police database (SDI) and information gathered by the Observatory for Security against Acts of Discrimination (OSCAD). The breakdown below consists of: (i) SDI data covering the following bias motivations: "race/colour"; ethnicity; nationality; language; anti-Semitism; bias against Roma and Sinti; bias against Muslims; and bias against members of other religions; and (ii) OSCAD data on hate crimes motivated by bias against "sexual orientation and transgender identity" and bias against people with "disability".

By bias motivation By type of crime

Download official data

National developments

In 2019, OSCAD continued work on the "Facing all the facts" project, which was launched in 2016 and concluded on 15 October 2019, by implementing an online training course for law enforcement agencies in the field of crimes committed on grounds of discrimination. OSCAD has been the co-beneficiary partner of the project, which was led by CEJI - A Jewish Contribution to an Inclusive Europe. The development of hate crime training material was concluded in 2018, and in 2019 works started to transfer the training modules from the online CEJI platform to the multi-agency SISFOR platform (the law enforcement online training system). This platform will make all the training material available to the national and the local law enforcement agencies, which will be able to use the various modules and adjust them according to their specific training needs.

Workshops on discrimination and hate crime were carried out for National Police officers who attended the relevant training/refresher courses held, among others, within the framework of ODIHR's Training on Hate Crime for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) programme. About 680 inspectors were involved throughout the year, together with more than 4,000 units trained through cascaded training, and about 3,300 units trained online.