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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. The United Kingdom's hate crime laws are a combination of general penalty enhancement provisions and substantive offences. In England and Wales, hate crime data are collected and published by the Home Office, based on police data submissions. Prosecution data is collected and published by the Crown Prosecution Service. The Crime Survey of England and Wales includes regular victimization surveys to measure unreported hate crimes. In Northern Ireland, hate crime data are collected by the Police Service of Northern Ireland and the Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland. In Scotland, data are collected by the Procurator Fiscal and Police Scotland. Police and prosecution data, which cover the reporting period from April to March of the following year, are regularly published.
OFFICIAL DATA
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 125,848 | 16,824 | 9,510 |
| 2019 | 106,672 | 14,058 | 9,340 |
| 2018 | 111,076 | 18,055 | 10,817 |
| 2017 | 95,552 | 14,535 | 11,987 |
| 2016 | 80,763 | 20,321 | Not available |
| 2015 | 62518 | 21300 | 13103 |
| 2014 | 52853 | 4872 | 549 |
| 2013 | 47986 | 19689 | 12353 |
| 2012 | 47676 | 19205 | 10794 |
| 2011 | 50688 | 19802 | 12651 |
| 2010 | 53946 | 19342 | 11405 |
| 2009 | 58692 | 13030 | 10690 |
About 2019 Data
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Police data represent hate crimes recorded in England and Wales (105,090) and Northern Ireland (1,582). More than half of hate crimes recorded by police represent "public order offences", some of which fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime. Prosecution data consists of 8,446 cases in England and Wales and 5,612 cases in Scotland. The number of convictions is for England and Wales only.
Hate crime recorded by police
The disaggregated data below are for England and Wales only. The Police and several civil society organizations involved in monitoring hate incidents (including the Community Security Trust, Galop and Tell MAMA) exchange data on a regular basis about recorded incidents. This data sharing is governed by Information Sharing Agreements signed by the Police and each of the civil society organizations. As a result, some of the information presented below (particularly data on anti-Semitic hate crime and hate crime motivated by intolerance against Muslims) is also included in reporting by the abovementioned civil society organizations elsewhere on this page.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY OTHER SOURCES
Community Security Trust (CST) reported descriptive incidents as well as statistical data. Kantor Center reported only statistical data. This explains the discrepancy between the graphic above and the incidents included below.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-05 | Threats | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2019-12 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-02 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-10 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-01 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-03 | Attacks against property | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019 | Threats | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-08 | Violent attacks against people | SETA
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Anti-Roma hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-11 | Attacks against property | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2019-11 | Attacks against property | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Anti-Semitic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-01 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019-12 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019-12 | Threats | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019 | Threats | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019-01 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019-10 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019-07 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019-04 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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Anti-Muslim hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-04 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2019-04 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2019-03 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2019-12 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2019-10 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2019-08 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | SETA
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| 2019-06 | Violent attacks against people | SETA
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| 2019-08 | Violent attacks against people | SETA
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| 2019-03 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2019-11 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-12 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019 | Attacks against property | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-01 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-06 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-09 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-09 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019 | Threats | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-12 | Threats | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-11 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-05 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-08 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-10 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-11 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-08 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-01 | Attacks against property | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-09 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019 | Threats | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-02 | Threats | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-09 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-12 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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Anti-Christian hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-07 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-06 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-06 | Attacks against property | Holy See
OIDAC
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| 2019-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-06 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-05 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-05 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-03 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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| 2019-03 | Attacks against property | Holy See
OIDAC
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| 2019-02 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-01 | Threats | Holy See
OIDAC
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| 2019-01 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2019-09 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2019-06 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2019-11 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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Gender-based hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-07 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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| 2019-05 | Violent attacks against people | International Organization for Migration (IOM)
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-07 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2019-05 | Violent attacks against people | International Organization for Migration (IOM)
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2019 | Violent attacks against people | Muslim Engagement and Development (MEND)
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INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
Anti-Roma hate crime
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) published relevant recommendations in its 2019 Roma and Travellers Survey findings, "Roma and Travellers in six countries."
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR observes that the United Kingdom has met most OSCE commitments on hate crime data collection and reporting.