United Kingdom
The United Kingdom regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. The United Kingdom's hate crime laws are a combination of general penalty enhancement provisions and substantive offences. In England and Wales, hate crime data are collected and published by the Home Office, based on police data submissions. Prosecution data is collected and published by the Crown Prosecution Service. The Crime Survey of England and Wales includes regular victimization surveys to measure unreported hate crimes. In Northern Ireland, hate crime data are collected by the Police Service of Northern Ireland and the Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland. In Scotland, data are collected by the Procurator Fiscal and Police Scotland. Police and prosecution data, which cover the reporting period from April to March of the following year, are regularly published.
OFFICIAL DATA
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 125,848 | 16,824 | 9,510 |
| 2019 | 106,672 | 14,058 | 9,340 |
| 2018 | 111,076 | 18,055 | 10,817 |
| 2017 | 95,552 | 14,535 | 11,987 |
| 2016 | 80,763 | 20,321 | Not available |
| 2015 | 62518 | 21300 | 13103 |
| 2014 | 52853 | 4872 | 549 |
| 2013 | 47986 | 19689 | 12353 |
| 2012 | 47676 | 19205 | 10794 |
| 2011 | 50688 | 19802 | 12651 |
| 2010 | 53946 | 19342 | 11405 |
| 2009 | 58692 | 13030 | 10690 |
About 2018 Data
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Police data represent hate crimes recorded in England and Wales (103,379), Northern Ireland (961) and Scotland (6,736). More than a half of hate crimes recorded by police represent "public order offences", some of which fall outside of the scope of the OSCE's definition of hate crime. The total numbers of police recorded hate crimes by bias motivation presented below are higher than this overall number because of cases involving more than one bias. Prosecution data breakdown is as follows: 611 in Northern Ireland, 12,828 in England and Wales and 4,616 in Scotland. The number of convictions is for England and Wales only.
Hate crime recorded by police
The disaggregated data below are for England and Wales only. The Police and several civil society organizations involved in monitoring hate incidents (including Community Security Trust, Galop and Tell MAMA) are on a regular basis exchanging data about the recorded incidents. This data sharing is governed by the Information Sharing Agreements signed between the Police and each of the civil society organizations. As a result, some of the information presented below as part of the official monitoring of hate crimes (particularly data on anti-Semitic hate crime and hate crime motivated by intolerance against Muslims) is also included in the reporting by the above mentioned civil society organizations elsewhere on this page.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY OTHER SOURCES
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-10 | Violent attacks against people | Tell MAMA
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Show info |
| 2018-12 | Violent attacks against people | UNHCR
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Show info |
| 2018-05 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Show info |
| 2018-06 | Attacks against property | SETA
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Show info |
| 2018 | Violent attacks against people | Tell MAMA
|
Show info |
Anti-Semitic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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Show info |
| 2018-12 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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Show info |
| 2018-03 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-05 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-04 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-05 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-05 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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Show info |
| 2018-08 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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Show info |
| 2018-10 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-05 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-01 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-02 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-10 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-09 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-06 | Threats | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-10 | Threats | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018 | Threats | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-11 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-08 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-09 | Threats | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-10 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-04 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-09 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-12 | Attacks against property | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-02 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-05 | Threats | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-02 | Violent attacks against people | Community Security Trust (CST)
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| 2018-09 | Threats | Community Security Trust (CST)
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Show info |
Anti-Muslim hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-10 | Violent attacks against people | Tell MAMA
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Show info |
| 2018-03 | Threats | Tell MAMA
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Show info |
| 2018-04 | Threats | Tell MAMA
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Show info |
| 2018-10 | Attacks against property | SETA
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Show info |
| 2018-11 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2018-11 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2018-04 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2018-08 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2018-06 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2018-12 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2018-09 | Violent attacks against people | SETA
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| 2018-05 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2018-06 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2018-07 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2018-03 | Attacks against property | SETA
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| 2018 | Threats | Tell MAMA
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| 2018 | Violent attacks against people | Tell MAMA
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Show info |
| 2018-02 | Violent attacks against people | Tell MAMA
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Show info |
| 2018 | Threats | Galop
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Show info |
Anti-Christian hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-01 | Violent attacks against people | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2018-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2018-09 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2018-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2018-07 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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| 2018-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2018-03 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2018-01 | Threats | OIDAC
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| 2018-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2018-02 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2018-03 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2018-03 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2018-08 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2018-12 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2018-01 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2018-12 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2018-12 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2018-12 | Attacks against property | Holy See
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| 2018-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2018-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
| 2018-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
Other hate crime based on religion or belief
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
| 2018-04 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
| 2018-06 | Attacks against property | SETA
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Show info |
Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Threats | Galop
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Show info |
| 2018 | Threats | Galop
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Show info |
| 2018 | Violent attacks against people | Galop
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Show info |
| 2018 | Violent attacks against people | Galop
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Show info |
INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR observes that the United Kingdom has met most OSCE commitments on hate crime data collection and reporting.