Türkiye
Türkiye regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Türkiye implemented ODIHR's Training against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) programme following a memorandum of understanding signed in 2016.
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 39 | 325 | 196 |
| 2023 | 93 | 476 | 260 |
| 2022 | 175 | 263 | 246 |
| 2021 | 87 | 210 | 374 |
| 2020 | 70 | 213 | 258 |
| 2019 | 79 | 248 | 319 |
| 2018 | - | 1983 | 589 |
| 2017 | 13 | 1967 | 500 |
| 2016 | 14 | 1455 | 290 |
| 2015 | Not available | 810 | 272 |
| 2014 | Not available | 658 | 202 |
| 2013 | Not available | 535 | 334 |
| 2012 | Not available | 497 | 158 |
| 2011 | Not available | 628 | 17 |
| 2010 | 6 | 330 | 297 |
| 2009 | 3 | 250 | 242 |
About 2024 Data
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The numbers in this table relate only to criminal offences constituting threats on religious grounds and damage to places of worship and cemeteries (Articles 115 and 153 of the Criminal Code).
Hate crime recorded by police
The breakdown below consists of police records related to the offences of "Prevention of the Exercise of Freedom of Belief, Thought and Conviction", and "Damaging Places of Worship and Cemeteries" (Articles 115 and 153 of Turkey’s Criminal Code). These records may include incidents that fall outside the OSCE's hate crime definition.
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes Türkiye's efforts to report hate crime data and information to ODIHR. However, based on the available information, ODIHR observes that Türkiye's law enforcement agencies have not recorded the bias motivations of hate crimes. In addition, ODIHR also observes that Türkiye would benefit from reviewing the existing legal framework to ensure that bias motivations can be effectively acknowledged and appropriate penalties imposed on the perpetrators.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to promptly investigating hate crimes and ensuring that the motives of those convicted of hate crimes are acknowledged. To that end, law enforcement must first record the bias motivations of hate crimes. Participating States also committed to enacting specific, tailored legislation to combat hate crimes, providing for effective penalties that take into account the gravity of such crimes.
ODIHR stands ready to support Türkiye in meeting the relevant commitments through its comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as by providing further resources and tailored legislative advice.
OVERVIEW OF INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
For 2024, ODIHR received reports of hate incidents in Türkiye from the following civil society organizations:
- Solidarity with Others
- Human Rights Association
- Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
- Trans Europe and Central Asia (TGEU)
- London Legal Group (LLG)
- International Institute for Religious Freedom (IIRF)
- The Observatory on Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians in Europe (OIDAC)
To learn more about these organizations, visit the Contributors page.
In addition, the Holy See also reported hate incidents in Türkiye as part of its ongoing monitoring.
All incidents submitted by the above organizations have been analysed by ODIHR. Those that were broadly considered to be hate crimes within the OSCE definition (criminal offence committed with a bias motive) are listed in the tables below according to the bias motivation category. Some incidents involved multiple biases and may be listed in multiple categories.
ODIHR’s insightsFor 2024, ODIHR received reports of 77 hate incidents that took place in Türkiye in the following bias motivation categories: anti-Christian, anti-Muslim, anti-Roma, anti-Semitic, gender-based, and racist and xenophobic. In addition, several incidents involved multiple biases, such as gender-based and anti-LGBTI, racist and xenophobic and anti-Christian, and racist and xenophobic and anti-Semitic. ODIHR observes that half of the incidents reported in Türkiye were racist and xenophobic, and included several physical assaults and serious property damage targeting the Syrian refugee community. Some incidents occurred in the context of large-scale anti-Syrian riots. Several anti-Kurdish incidents were also observed targeting visible members of the Kurdish community. A number of serious violent incidents (including two homicides) targeting transgender people were also observed. It should be noted that ODIHR did not receive any reporting on Türkiye related to disability hate incidents or those targeting members of other religions or belief. This indicates potential gaps in the information reported here. |
Please note that incidents reported here are based on voluntary civil society submissions and as such might not reflect the actual number of incidents or the most targeted communities in Türkiye.
To address under-reporting ODIHR encourages any civil society organizations or groups that monitor hate incidents in Türkiye to report these to ODIHR at hatecrimereport@odihr.pl.
To export an Excel sheet with summaries of all incidents from Türkiye click here and search by year and country.
CIVIL SOCIETY INCIDENT SUMMARIES
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-07 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-06 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-01 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Violent attacks against people | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Human Rights Association
Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-09 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Violent attacks against people | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Human Rights Association
Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-03 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-10 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-01 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-03 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-06 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-09 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Threats/Harassment | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Violent attacks against people | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-02 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Threats/Harassment | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-10 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-06 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Threats/Harassment | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-06 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-01 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
Anti-Roma hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-12 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
Anti-Semitic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-10 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024 | Attacks against property | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Violent attacks against people | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-10 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-10 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
Anti-Muslim hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-08 | Violent attacks against people | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-03 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-10 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
Anti-Christian hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-08 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-12 | Violent attacks against people | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-12 | Attacks against property | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-12 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
Show info |
| 2024-02 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-04 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-07 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-11 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-12 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-12 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024 | Attacks against property | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-06 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-01 | Violent attacks against people | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Holy See
Human Rights Association
International Institute for Religious Freedom (IIRF).
London Legal Group (LLG)
OIDAC
Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Attacks against property | Holy See
International Institute for Religious Freedom (IIRF).
|
Show info |
Gender-based hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-07 | Threats/Harassment | Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
|
Show info |
| 2024-03 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-04 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-06 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-12 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-12 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-09 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
Solidarity with Others
TGEU - Trans Europe and Central Asia
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-05 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-05 | Threats/Harassment | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-01 | Violent attacks against people | TGEU - Trans Europe and Central Asia
|
Show info |
| 2024-06 | Violent attacks against people | TGEU - Trans Europe and Central Asia
|
Show info |
Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-03 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-04 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
|
Show info |
| 2024-06 | Violent attacks against people | London Legal Group (LLG)
|
Show info |
| 2024-12 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-12 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-09 | Violent attacks against people | Human Rights Association
Solidarity with Others
TGEU - Trans Europe and Central Asia
|
Show info |
| 2024-08 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-05 | Violent attacks against people | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-05 | Threats/Harassment | Solidarity with Others
|
Show info |
| 2024-01 | Violent attacks against people | TGEU - Trans Europe and Central Asia
|
Show info |
| 2024-06 | Violent attacks against people | TGEU - Trans Europe and Central Asia
|
Show info |
INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
Racist and xenophobic hate crime, Anti-Roma hate crime, Anti-LGBTI hate crime
The European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET) published relevant recommendations in its "Report on the 2023 and 2024 Commission reports on Türkiye (2025/2023(INI)".
Gender-based hate crime, Anti-LGBTI hate crime
The United Nations Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) published relevant recommendations in its "Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Türkiye".
Racist and xenophobic hate crime, Anti-LGBTI hate crime
The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) published relevant recommendations in its "ECRI Report on Türkiye (sixth monitoring cycle)".