Estonia
Estonia reported hate crime data to ODIHR in 2009, 2016 and 2020. Data from 2019 are available here.
In 2017, Estonia implemented ODIHR's Training Against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) programme. In the same year, the Ministry of Justice, ODIHR and the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) co-organized a workshop on understanding and improving hate crime recording and data collection. The workshop was based on ODIHR's Information Against Hate Crimes Toolkit (INFAHCT), and resulted in a set of recommendations to relevant state authorities. Estonian authorities and civil society organizations took part in ODIHR's diagnostic workshop to assess and improve national structures for hate crime victim support in February 2022.
OFFICIAL DATA
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2020 | 3 | Not available | Not available |
| 2019 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2018 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2017 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2016 | 15 | Not available | Not available |
| 2015 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2014 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2013 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2012 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2011 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2010 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2009 | 2 | Not available | Not available |
Hate crime recorded by police
The police data on hate crimes are disaggregated by type of crime only.
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes that Estonia reported its hate crime data to ODIHR for the first time since 2016. However, based on the available information, it observes that the law enforcement agencies of Estonia have not recorded the bias motivations behind hate crimes. In addition, ODIHR observes that Estonia would benefit from reviewing its existing legal framework in order to ensure that bias motivation can be effectively acknowledged and appropriate penalties can be imposed on the perpetrators.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to promptly investigating hate crimes and ensure that the motives of those convicted of hate crimes are acknowledged. To that end, the law enforcement agencies must, first of all, record the bias motivation behind hate crimes. Participating States also committed to enacting specific, tailored legislation to combat hate crimes, providing for effective penalties that take into account the gravity of such crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support Estonia in meeting its relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection as well as providing further legislative guidance and advice.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY OTHER SOURCES
INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
Racist and xenophobic hate crime, Gender-based hate crime
The United Nations Human Rights Council Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) published relevant recommendations in its "Report from the thirty-eight session: Compilation on Estonia."