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Poland

Poland regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Poland's Criminal Code contains several substantive offences. Data reported to ODIHR include cases of incitement to hatred. Hate crime data are collected by the Department of Control, Complaints and Petitions of the Ministry of the Interior, the General Police Headquarters, the Internal Security Agency, the Preparatory Proceedings Office of the General Prosecutor's Office, the Ministry of Justice, the Institute of National Remembrance – General Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation, and the Ombudsman's Office. Hate crime data are regularly published. 

How hate crime data is collected in Poland

How hate crime data is collected in Poland

Several public bodies are involved in monitoring and/or collecting data on hate crimes. The main actors in this field are the police and the Prosecutor's Office. Each has a separate recording system and methodology for this task. Since 2015, the police and the Ministry of the Interior and Administration have jointly developed and shared a hate crime data collection system.

All offences committed against people because of their racial, national, ethnic or religious background are classified as hate crimes. While there are no general guidelines on hate crime recording, police officers are required to establish whether the perpetrator was acting out of bias motivation. Bias indicators such as behaviour and statements during the act, circumstances of the crime and characteristics and circumstances connected with the victim are used to determine the motive.

Hate crimes are flagged on the incident form as well as in the police force's electronic database.

Special co-ordinators at both the central (the National Hate Crime Co-ordinator in the Criminal Bureau of the General Police Headquarters) and local levels (police headquarters in every Voivodeship and the Metropolitan Police Headquarters) are responsible for preventing and investigating hate crimes, as well as for compiling data from their district and reporting them monthly to the National Police Information System (KSIP). Monthly reports are forwarded to the Ministry of the Interior and Administration. The same structure is also used to monitor hate speech incidents, which are crimes under the Polish Penal Code. However, these can be separated in the reporting. Data from the police are available on request.

Prosecutors record hate crimes when bias motivations are identified in the proceedings or are implicit in the crime. Guidelines on conducting proceedings for hate crimes cases, issued by the prosecutor general in 2014, unify practices for the prosecution and reporting of hate crimes. Every prosecuted hate crime should be reported to a superior Prosecutor's Office. The cases are also monitored by the Department of Preparatory Proceedings of the National Public Prosecutor's Office, which issues a report on all cases to the Prosecutor General and provides recommendations to subordinate Prosecutor's Offices. The National Public Prosecutor's Office publishes data on hate crime online every six months. Published data contain excerpts from reports on investigations conducted in the organizational units of the prosecutor in a given period of time.

The Division of Statistical Management Information in the Department of Strategy and European Funds of the Ministry of Justice is responsible for organizing, co-ordinating, supervising and preparing statistical reports, including information on hate crimes. The data are obtained from two sources: statistical reports prepared by courts every six months, and the electronic database of the National Criminal Register. The data are published online.

Besides collating the reports from police and receiving information on judicial outcomes from the courts, the Ministry of the Interior and Administration also conducts its own independent monitoring activities.

Access more information at the Legislation Online website Legislationline TANDIS Access more information at the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Information System (TANDIS) website

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OFFICIAL DATA

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2019 972 432 597
2018 1117 397 315
2017 886 320 260
2016 874 281 236
2015 263 229 195
2014 778 179 127
2013 757 116 53
2012 266 76 39
2011 222 43 24
2010 251 30 28
2009 194 29 27

About 2010 Data

    Figures include crimes of incitement to hatred.
  • By bias motivation
  • By type of crime
Download official data
Download official data

National developments

Poland continued implementing ODIHR’s police training programme on hate crimes, training 50 individuals at the national level. Approximately 21,000 police officers at the local level were also trained in addressing hate crimes. The Ministry of Interior and Administration, together with the police, produced an auxiliary training manual on hate crimes to support the police, in collaboration with the General Prosecutor’s Officer, ODIHR and the Never Again Association, an NGO. During an expert seminar in December 2010, the Ministry of Interior and Administration delivered the results of a mapping exercise of hate crimes, including types of crimes, locations and common targets, based on information from public institutions and NGOs.

Incidents reported by civil society, international organizations and the Holy See

Reports

Hate crime against Christians and members of other religions

The Holy See reported three cases of damage to Church property, the desecration of a cemetery and two cases of vandalism of Christian sites.

read more ›

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

Never Again Association and the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights both reported one physical assault. Never Again Association reported additional incidents, including eight physical assaults, four of which involved serious bodily injury, one case of threats, two cases of graffiti on property, one case of graffiti on a place of worship, and one attack involving arson and damage to and graffiti on property. The Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights reported one additional physical assault.

read more ›

Anti-Roma hate crime

The Never Again Association reported one attack by a group against a Roma family. The incident was reported to be part of a repeated series of attacks beginning in 2009.

read more ›

Anti-Semitic hate crime

The Never Again Association reported a series of anti-Semitic attacks on property, three cases of damage to property (one targeted a non-Jewish man associated with promoting Polish-Jewish relations), four cases of graffiti on property, one case of damage to a place of worship and four incidents of graffiti on places of worship. The Stephen Roth Institute reported seven hate incidents.

read more ›

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

The Campaign against Homophobia (KPH) reported one physical assault during the Warsaw Independence Day parade, 31 attacks involving weapons, 103 physical assaults and 28 cases involving graffiti or destruction of property.

read more ›

Developments

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

In Poland and Ukraine, the Never Again Association, in conjunction with the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), organized training for officials and stewards about racism and football ahead of the 2012 European football championship. The Never Again Association also prepared information booklets about monitoring football- related racist crime.

read more ›

Anti-Semitic hate crime

The Never Again Association reported that in March 2010, prison sentences ranging from 18 months to two-and-a-half years were handed down to those convicted of stealing the historic sign at the entrance gate to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. In December 2010, a former member of the National Socialist Front (Nationalsocialistisk Front), a Swedish neo-Nazi organization, was sentenced to two years and eight months in prison for instigating the theft.

read more ›

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

Racist and xenophobic hate crime, Anti-Semitic hate crime

The UN Human Rights Committee expressed concern about Poland’s reportedly low rate of investigation and prosecution of crimes potentially motivated by racial hatred. It also noted with concern “persistent manifestations of anti-Semitism, including physical attacks and desecration of Jewish cemeteries”.

Anti-Semitic hate crime

The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) reported on instances of the desecration of Jewish cemeteries and widespread instances of anti-Semitic graffiti.

Anti-Muslim hate crime

The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) noted physical attacks against Muslims in Bialystok and crimes targeting Muslim places of worship.

Hate crime against Christians and members of other religions

The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) noted cases targeting Orthodox Christian and Catholic churches.

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

The UN Human Rights Council noted with concern reported hate crimes against LGBT people and encouraged Poland to provide effective protection against violence based on sexual orientation.

KEY OBSERVATION

No information is available.
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Contact Us

Email tndinfo@odihr.pl
Tel +48 22 520 06 00
Fax +48 22 520 06 05
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Department
Ul. Miodowa 10
00-251
Warsaw, Poland

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