United States of America

The United States regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Its hate crime laws contain general penalty enhancement and substantive offence provisions. The United States Hate Crime Statistics Act requires the collection and publication of hate crime data. The authorities responsible for data collection are the Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Hate crime data are published annually.

Hate crime data collection in the United States

OFFICIAL DATA

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2020 11,129 - -
2019 8,559 - -
2018 8,496 27 20
2017 8,437 Not available Not available
2016 7,321 Not available Not available
2015 6,885 Not available Not available
2014 6385 Not available Not available
2013 6933 22 Not available
2012 6718 Not available Not available
2011 7254 Not available Not available
2010 7699 Not available Not available
2009 7789 Not available Not available

About 2016 Data

    The FBI reports data based on 'offenses'. This number can include multiple biases, but only offenses with one recorded bias are shown in the bias motivation breakdown. The vast majority of hate crimes in the United States are prosecuted at the state and local level, for which no figures are available.

National developments

The Department of Justice (DOJ) issued its final report on "Combating Religious Discrimination Today" in March 2016. The report emerged from an inter-agency community engagement initiative to promote religious freedom, challenge religious discrimination and enhance enforcement of religion-based hate crimes. Several challenges were identified in efforts to overcome religion-based hate crimes, including: a lack of clear, consistent, and accessible data to track hate crime reporting and prosecutions; an uptick in attacks on Muslims and those perceived to be Muslims since the September 11 terror attack; under-reporting of religion-based hate crimes, and; hate crimes targeting places of worship.

The report recommended: making improvements to the online presentation of available hate crime data; the strengthening of hate crime data collection by law enforcement; enhancing awareness of federal resources for the protection of places of worship; increased communication by the DOJ about hate crime prosecutions and judicial outcomes; strengthening hate crime training efforts; strengthening religious communities' relationships with law enforcement, and; facilitating inter-faith dialogue and communication.

Consequently, in July, the DOJ updated its website to ensure that communities know about its work to combat hate violence and enforce federal hate crime laws.

INCIDENTS REPORTED BY OTHER SOURCES

The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) reported descriptions of incidents as well as statistical data. This explains the discrepancy between the graphic above and the incidents included below.

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
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2016-08 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
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2016-08 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-12 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-11 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-11 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
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2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
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2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
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2016-11 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info

Anti-Semitic hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-06 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-05 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-06 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-06 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-08 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-11 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-11 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-11 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-06 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-05 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-05 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-05 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-05 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-05 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-05 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-05 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-05 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-06 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-06 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info

Anti-Muslim hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-05 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Threats
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Violent attacks against people
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info

Anti-Christian hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-01 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-08 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-09 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-08 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-08 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-10 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-11 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-12 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-11 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-11 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-11 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-02 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info

Other hate crime based on religion or belief

Date Type of incident Source Description
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

Date Type of incident Source Description
2016-01 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-02 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-02 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-03 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-04 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-05 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-05 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-06 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-07 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-07 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-08 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-09 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-09 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-10 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-10 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-12 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
 Show info
2016-04 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info
2016-03 Attacks against property
Ephesus Initiative
 Show info

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

No information is available.

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR observes that the United States has not reported information on prosecuted and sentenced hate crime cases to ODIHR.