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Anti-Muslim hate crime

Although stereotypes against Muslims are centuries old, in recent years they have evolved and gained momentum under the conditions of the "war on terror", the global economic crisis and challenges related to the management of religious and cultural diversity. Anti-Muslim rhetoric often associates Muslims with terrorism and extremism, or portrays the presence of Muslim communities as a threat to national identity. Muslims are often portrayed as a monolithic group, whose culture is incompatible with human rights and democracy. ODIHR's reporting suggests anti-Muslim hate crimes and incidents increases following terrorist attacks, and on the anniversaries of such attacks. Attacks against mosques – particularly on Fridays and religious holidays – including leaving the remains of pigs outside mosques, community centres and Muslim families' homes, as well as attacks against women wearing headscarves, are among the anti-Muslim hate incidents commonly reported.

Beginning in 2002, OSCE participating States have explicitly condemned acts of discrimination and violence against Muslims and firmly rejected the identification of terrorism and extremism with any religion and culture. The Astana declaration (2010) stressed that international developments and political issues cannot justify any form of intolerance and discrimination against Muslims, and encouraged participating States to challenge anti-Muslim prejudice and stereotypes.

Anti-Muslim hate crimes can be recorded under a variety of categories, including anti-religious hate crimes, crimes motivated by ethnic bias, and can also be reported separately or as racist and xenophobic crime. Muslim NGOs are developing their monitoring capacity through outreach and online reporting, in recognition of the importance of hate crime monitoring as an important advocacy tool. However, a lack of trust in the authorities in some countries also lead to under-reporting of anti-Muslim hate crime, and this appears to have a significant influence on hate crime figures reported to ODIHR.

ODIHR TANDIS

SELECT YEAR

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States that report

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    Austria
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    Bosnia and Herzegovina
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    Canada
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    Croatia
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    Cyprus
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    Finland
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    Germany
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    Iceland
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    Montenegro
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    Netherlands
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    Norway
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    Poland
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    Slovakia
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    United Kingdom
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    United States of America
15 states

Incidents were reported on these states

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    Austria
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    Belgium
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    Bosnia and Herzegovina
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    Croatia
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    France
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    Georgia
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    Germany
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    Greece
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    Malta
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    Netherlands
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    North Macedonia
    North Macedonia
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    Poland
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    Portugal
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    Russian Federation
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    Slovakia
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    Spain
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    Switzerland
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    Türkiye
    Türkiye
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    United Kingdom
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    United States of America
20 states

Overview of incidents reported by other sources

Violent attacks against people Threats/Harassment Attacks against property Total
91 72 85 248

Date Country Type of incident Source Description
2023 Switzerland Threats/Harassment Consultation Network for the Victims of Racism, humanrights.ch Show info
2023 Poland Threats/Harassment "Never Again" Association Show info
2023 Malta Threats/Harassment Aditus foundation Show info
2023 United Kingdom Threats/Harassment OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights Show info
2023 Germany Threats/Harassment CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023 Belgium Threats/Harassment The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023 Belgium Threats/Harassment The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023 France Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023 Austria Violent attacks against people ZARA Show info
2023-01 Austria Threats/Harassment Dokustelle Show info
2023-01 United States of America Violent attacks against people OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights Show info
2023-01 Germany Threats/Harassment CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-01 Germany Threats/Harassment CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-01 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-01 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-01 Spain Threats/Harassment Union of Islamic Communities of Spain Show info
2023-01 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-01 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-02 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-02 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-02 Switzerland Violent attacks against people Association of Islamic Organizations in Zurich Show info
2023-02 Belgium Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-03 Portugal Violent attacks against people Safer and Stronger Communities in Europe Show info
2023-03 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-03 Belgium Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-03 Switzerland Violent attacks against people Association of Islamic Organizations in Zurich Show info
2023-03 Switzerland Violent attacks against people Association of Islamic Organizations in Zurich Show info
2023-03 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-03 Bosnia and Herzegovina Violent attacks against people Center for education and research Nahla, OSCE Mission to Bosnia And Herzegovina Show info
2023-03 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-03 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-03 France Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-03 Netherlands Violent attacks against people Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-04 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-04 Belgium Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-04 Netherlands Threats/Harassment Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-04 Netherlands Threats/Harassment Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-04 Netherlands Threats/Harassment Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-04 Netherlands Threats/Harassment Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-04 Netherlands Threats/Harassment Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-04 Netherlands Threats/Harassment Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-04 Netherlands Threats/Harassment Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-04 Belgium Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-04 Bosnia and Herzegovina Threats/Harassment OSCE Mission to Bosnia And Herzegovina Show info
2023-04 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-04 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-05 Austria Violent attacks against people Anti-Discrimination Office Styria Show info
2023-05 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-05 Belgium Threats/Harassment The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-05 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-05 Belgium Threats/Harassment The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-05 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-05 Austria Violent attacks against people ZARA Show info
2023-05 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-05 Switzerland Violent attacks against people Consultation Network for the Victims of Racism, humanrights.ch Show info
2023-05 Belgium Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-05 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-05 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-05 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-05 Switzerland Threats/Harassment Association of Islamic Organizations in Zurich Show info
2023-05 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-05 Türkiye Threats/Harassment Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee) Show info
2023-05 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-05 France Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-06 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-06 Austria Violent attacks against people ZARA Show info
2023-06 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-06 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-06 Spain Violent attacks against people Union of Islamic Communities of Spain Show info
2023-06 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-06 North Macedonia Violent attacks against people DELO Skopje Show info
2023-06 Georgia Threats/Harassment Tolerance and Diversity Institute (TDI) Show info
2023-06 Switzerland Violent attacks against people Association of Islamic Organizations in Zurich Show info
2023-06 Slovakia Violent attacks against people Islamic Foundation in Slovakia Show info
2023-06 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-06 Bosnia and Herzegovina Violent attacks against people Center for education and research Nahla, OSCE Mission to Bosnia And Herzegovina Show info
2023-06 Belgium Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-06 United States of America Violent attacks against people OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights Show info
2023-07 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-07 Austria Violent attacks against people ZARA Show info
2023-07 Belgium Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-07 Bosnia and Herzegovina Threats/Harassment OSCE Mission to Bosnia And Herzegovina Show info
2023-07 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-07 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-07 Belgium Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-07 Bosnia and Herzegovina Threats/Harassment OSCE Mission to Bosnia And Herzegovina Show info
2023-07 Bosnia and Herzegovina Threats/Harassment Center for education and research Nahla Show info
2023-08 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-08 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-08 Spain Threats/Harassment Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC) Show info
2023-08 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-08 Spain Threats/Harassment Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC) Show info
2023-08 Bosnia and Herzegovina Threats/Harassment OSCE Mission to Bosnia And Herzegovina Show info
2023-08 Türkiye Violent attacks against people Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee), Human Rights Association Show info
2023-08 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-08 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-08 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-08 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-08 Russian Federation Violent attacks against people Civic Assistance Committee Show info
2023-09 Austria Threats/Harassment Anti-Discrimination Office Styria Show info
2023-09 Greece Violent attacks against people Racist Violence Recording Network (RVRN) Show info
2023-09 Bosnia and Herzegovina Violent attacks against people Center for education and research Nahla, OSCE Mission to Bosnia And Herzegovina Show info
2023-09 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-09 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-09 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-09 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-09 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-09 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-09 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-09 Bosnia and Herzegovina Threats/Harassment OSCE Mission to Bosnia And Herzegovina Show info
2023-09 Poland Threats/Harassment "Never Again" Association Show info
2023-10 Spain Threats/Harassment Union of Islamic Communities of Spain Show info
2023-10 Slovakia Threats/Harassment Islamic Foundation in Slovakia Show info
2023-10 France Threats/Harassment The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-10 Netherlands Violent attacks against people Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-10 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-10 United States of America Violent attacks against people OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights Show info
2023-10 Spain Threats/Harassment Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC) Show info
2023-10 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-10 Austria Threats/Harassment Dokustelle Show info
2023-10 Netherlands Violent attacks against people Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-10 Austria Threats/Harassment Dokustelle Show info
2023-10 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-10 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-10 Netherlands Threats/Harassment Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-10 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-10 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-10 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-10 Netherlands Threats/Harassment Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-10 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-10 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-10 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-10 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-10 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-11 Austria Violent attacks against people Anti-Discrimination Office Styria Show info
2023-11 Austria Violent attacks against people Anti-Discrimination Office Styria Show info
2023-11 United States of America Violent attacks against people OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights Show info
2023-11 Netherlands Threats/Harassment Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-11 United States of America Violent attacks against people OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights Show info
2023-11 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-11 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-11 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-11 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-11 Türkiye Violent attacks against people Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee), London Legal Group (LLG) Show info
2023-11 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-11 France Violent attacks against people The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-11 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-11 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-11 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-11 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-11 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-11 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-11 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-11 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-11 France Threats/Harassment The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe Show info
2023-12 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-12 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-12 Austria Violent attacks against people Dokustelle Show info
2023-12 Germany Threats/Harassment FAIR international - Federation against Injustice and Racism e. V. Show info
2023-12 Netherlands Violent attacks against people Turkish Forum Netherlands Show info
2023-12 Germany Violent attacks against people CLAIM - Allianz against Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim hatred Show info
2023-12 Croatia Threats/Harassment Croatian civil society coalition Show info

International Reports

No information is available.

Related publications

Anti-Muslim Hate Crime-factsheet-EN
Anti-Muslim Hate Crime (factsheet)
22 February 2018
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Understanding Anti-Muslim Hate Crimes - Addressing the Security Needs of Muslim Communities: A Practical Guide
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Guidelines for Educators on Countering Intolerance and Discrimination against Muslims
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Bias Motivations

  • Racist and xenophobic hate crime
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  • Anti-Roma hate crime
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  • Anti-Semitic hate crime
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  • Anti-Muslim hate crime
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  • Anti-Christian hate crime
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  • Other hate crime based on religion or belief
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  • Gender-based hate crime
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  • Anti-LGBTI hate crime
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  • Disability hate crime
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Contact Us

Email tndinfo@odihr.pl
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Fax +48 22 520 06 05
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
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