None
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2018 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2017 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2016 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2015 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2014 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2013 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2012 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2011 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2010 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2009 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
Hate crime recorded by police
KEY OBSERVATION
Incidents reported by civil society, international organizations and the Holy See
INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
The OSCE Mission in Kosovo carried out several capacity-building activities, including training on prosecuting hate crime with the prosecution service and on hate crime recording with Kosovo police.
In its Basel Declaration, the OSCE Parallel Civil Society Conference expressed concern at rising intolerance, discrimination and hate crimes, and urged the OSCE to re-affirm and review existing commitments against all forms of discrimination, racism, xenophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. The declaration stated that the OSCE should address new forms and manifestations of these phenomena to protect all minorities from discrimination on any and all grounds, without exception.
The OSCE Parallel Civil Society Conference recommended to the OSCE Ministerial Council meeting that participating States establish a hotline to report hate crimes and discrimination for representatives of minority communities, victims and witnesses of hate crimes, and that participating States fulfil their commitments on hate crimes.
In its research examining support services for victims of crime across the 28 EU Member States, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) identified promising practices from several EU Member States improving their victim support structures. The research also found several areas where EU Member States currently fall short of meeting the requirements of the 2012 EU Victims’ Directive.
In resolution 68/150 on "Combating glorification of Nazism and other practices that contribute to fuelling contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance," the United Nations General Assembly (GA) encouraged States to provide training to the police and other law-enforcement bodies on the ideologies of extremist political parties, movements and groups, to strengthen law enforcement's capacity to address racist and xenophobic crime, bring the perpetrators of such crimes to justice and to combat impunity.
In his report on the implementation of resolution 68/150 the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism stressed the importance of disaggregated data collection and welcomed efforts to train the police, immigration officers, judges and lawyers, on human rights and non-discrimination. He also noted an increase in hate crimes, particularly in Eastern and Southern Europe, and expressed concern about the lack of reporting and the absence of reliable data. He called for better protection of victims, prevention of racist and xenophobic crimes, and encouraged States to establish detailed systems for recording, reporting and monitoring hate crimes.
In its report on the implementation of Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA on "Combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law," the European Commission noted that a number of EU Member States have not transposed fully, and/or correctly, all the provisions of the Framework Decision, and suggested that improved hate crime data collection would contribute to its more effective implementation.
In his annual report, the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe identified intolerance, racism and hate crime as requiring particular attention. The report highlighted the need for hate crimes to be effectively investigated and qualified as such by law-enforcement bodies, bias motivations to be taken into account as aggravating circumstances, and perpetrators to receive punishment commensurate to the gravity of the offence.
In his annual report, the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief recommended prompt public condemnation of hate crimes by all relevant stakeholders and the reporting of disaggregated hate crime data by government authorities.
The Agency for Fundamental Rights of the European Union (FRA) established a "Working Party on Improving Reporting and Recording of Hate Crime in the EU". The working party brings together experts from the EU Member States and selected international organizations. ODIHR chairs its sub-group on the recording and reporting of hate crime.
Disability hate crime
The European Network for Independent Living published the guide “Disability Hate Crime: a guide for disabled people’s organisations, law enforcement agencies, national human rights institutions, media and other stakeholders.” The guide explains how to recognise, monitor and respond to disability hate crime across Europe.
Anti-Semitic hate crime
The OSCE High-Level Commemorative Event and Civil Society Forum, held on the 10th Anniversary of the OSCE’s Berlin Conference on Anti-Semitism, stressed in its final report the importance for governments to collect data on anti-Semitic hate crime and co-operate with civil society to provide security for Jewish communities. Participants also called on participating States to monitor and prosecute anti-Semitic hate crimes in partnership with civil society, to publish available data and train police and law enforcement to identify such crimes.
In its Declaration on Enhancing Efforts to Combat Anti-Semitism, the OSCE Ministerial Council called upon participating States to increase efforts to implement existing OSCE commitments to monitor, investigate and prosecute hate crimes, and to collect relevant data. It encouraged ODIHR to facilitate co-operation between governments and civil society on issues related to anti-Semitic hate crime data collection.
Anti-Roma hate crime
In resolution 26/4 on the "Protection of Roma," the United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC) condemned the persistent manifestations of racism, intolerance and violence against Roma.
In his annual report, the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe expressed concern at the increased frequency of violent acts targeting Roma communities, stating that all incidences of hate crime should be investigated, including those committed by law-enforcement officials.
Anti-LGBTI hate crime
The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights’ (FRA) report "Being Trans in the EU - Comparative analysis of the EU LGBT survey data” showed that respondents experience the highest levels of violence, hate motivated attacks and harassment amongst LGBT groups. The report indicated the need to collect statistics on numbers and types of crime and gender identity of victims, to address the underreporting of hate crime and to improve policies and legal measures combating hate crime across the EU.
The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) published a survey highlighting how LGBT people experience bias-motivated discrimination, violence and harassment in different areas of life. The survey revealed that respondents are subject to high levels of repeated victimization and violence, which is particularly high for transgender respondents, and that most LGBT respondents did not report hate incidents to the police or other authorities.
In resolution 27/32 on "Human rights, sexual orientation and gender identity," the United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC) expressed grave concern at acts of violence committed against individuals because of their sexual orientation and gender identity.
In his annual report, the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe noted that hate crimes against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people cannot be tolerated and recommended that bias motive be taken into account as an aggravating circumstance in these crimes.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime, Anti-Semitic hate crime, Anti-Muslim hate crime, Hate crime against Christians and members of other religions
In his "Report on combating intolerance, negative stereotyping, stigmatization, discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against persons, based on religion or belief," the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights noted that extremism and radicalization, often leading to hate crimes and violence, need to be addressed. This can be done through police and security responses, community engagement, and data gathering and monitoring, among other actions.
The United Nations General Assembly (GA) adopted resolution 68/127 on combating violence and violent extremism, condemning all forms of violent extremism and underlining the importance of civil society in generating public awareness to the dangers of extreme violence. It recommends promoting community engagement in countering violent extremism.
Anti-Semitic hate crime, Anti-Muslim hate crime, Hate crime against Christians and members of other religions
The United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC) adopted resolution 25/12 on freedom of religion or belief, condemning violence and acts of terrorism targeting people belonging to religious minorities and emphasizing that States should diligently prevent, investigate and punish such acts.
The United Nations General Assembly (GA) adopted resolution 68/170 on freedom of religion or belief, condemning violence based on religion or belief and reminding States of their obligation to diligently prevent, investigate and punish acts of violence against people belonging to religious minorities.
In resolution 68/169 on "Combating intolerance, negative stereotyping, stigmatization, discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against persons, based on religion or belief," the United Nations General Assembly (GA) expressed concern that the number of incidents of religious intolerance, discrimination and related violence continues to rise around the world. The resolution also called for interreligious, interfaith and intercultural dialogue at the local, national, regional and international levels.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime, Anti-LGBTI hate crime
The European Parliament adopted the "Resolution on the situation of fundamental rights in the European Union", in which it called on EU Member States to propose and adopt legislation and policies to combat homophobia, transphobia and hate crimes.