Based on the available information, ODIHR observes that Estonia does not collect data and statistics on hate crimes. In addition, ODIHR observes that Estonia would benefit from reviewing its existing legal framework in order to ensure that bias motivations can be effectively acknowledged and appropriate penalties can be imposed on the perpetrators.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, participating States committed to promptly investigate hate crimes and ensure that the motives of those convicted of hate crimes are acknowledged. To that end, the law enforcement agencies must, first of all, record the bias motivation behind hate crimes. Participating States have also committed to enacting specific, tailored legislation to combat hate crimes, providing for effective penalties that take into account the gravity of such crimes.
ODIHR stands ready to support Estonia in meeting its relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as by providing further legislative guidance and advice.
For 2024, ODIHR did not receive any reports of hate incidents in Estonia from civil society organizations. This is not an indication that hate crimes are not taking place, only that they have not been reported to civil society or to ODIHR.
To address under-reporting, ODIHR encourages any civil society organizations or groups that monitor hate incidents in Estonia to report these to ODIHR at hatecrimereport@odihr.pl.