Prosecution figures refer to the number of indictments.
The breakdown below does not include 352 offences motivated by ideology.
In 2023, the Strategic Framework for Citizenship and Inclusion, against Racism and Xenophobia (2023-2027) was approved. The Framework aims to build a society that ensures the inclusion of all people residing in the country, ensuring respect for dignity and human rights and freedom from discrimination.
In 2023, two toll-free telephone numbers were launched and are available year-round: '021' assists victims of racism, including victims of racist discrimination, persecution and hate crimes; and '028' assists victims of homophobia and transphobia and provides comprehensive assistance in the event of anti-LGBTI discrimination and hate crime.
In 2023, the European Commission implemented a project in co-operation with civil society groups to build the capacity of Spain's national and local police forces to prevent, identify and respond to racist and xenophobic incidents, including hate crimes.
In 2023, the General Council of the Judiciary facilitated a training course on hate crime, while the Ministry of Justice trained civil servants from the Administration of Justice on equal treatment, non-discrimination, and racist/xenophobic crimes.
This category includes anti-Muslim and anti-Christian hate crimes as well as other hate crimes based on religion and belief, except for anti-Semitic hate crimes.
This category includes both hate crimes based on sexual orientation and those based on gender identity.
The bias behind the offences in this category was not specified.
ODIHR recognizes Spain's efforts to build the capacity of national and local police to address hate crimes. However, based on the available information, it observes that Spain's hate crime statistics do not sufficiently distinguish hate crimes from other crimes. Further, ODIHR observes that Spain would benefit from strengthening collaboration with and facilitating the efforts of civil society working to address hate crime and support hate crime victims.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decisions 9/09 participating States agreed to a definition of hate crime shared by all OSCE participating States. They also committed to collect reliable data and statistics on hate crimes. To that end, hate crimes need to be distinguished throughout the recording and data collection process from hate speech, discrimination and other related crimes. Further, participating States committed to taking a proactive and inclusive approach to civil society. ODIHR stands ready to support Spain in meeting the relevant commitments through its comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime data and through the provision of comprehensive resources and assistance.
🛈 Please note that the data in the charts above are based on voluntary civil society submissions and as such might not be representative of the actual number of incidents affecting individual communities.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.