Prosecution figures refer to the number of indictments.
The breakdown below does not include 245 offences motivated by ideology.
On 14 July 2022, the Integral Law 15/2022 for Equal Treatment and Non-Discrimination came into force, consolidating the anti-discrimination regulations in the country. It was accompanied by the Organic Law 6/2022 of 12 July 2022, which amended some provisions of the Penal Code, and introduced Roma to the list of protected characteristics.
In September 2022, an inter-agency agreement on co-operation to address racism, xenophobia, bias against the LGBTI community and other forms of intolerance was renewed for four years. The document co-ordinates co-operation between relevant ministries and public institutions working on hate crimes.
As part of the implementation of the second Action Plan to combat hate crimes (2022-2024), developed in 2021 by the Ministry of the Interior, the Civil Guard established specialized units responsible for handling and investigating hate crimes. Violent Extremism and Hate Teams (EVO) tasked with investigating hate crimes were also created at the national and regional levels by the National Police. The Civil Guard took part in the EUROPOL "Joint Action Day 2022 Hate Crime", conducted in several countries, resulting in the arrest of four people and one person charged for suspected hate crimes.
In 2022, hate crime courses for the National Police and Civil Guard officers continued. The Central Private Security Unit of the National Police conducted two specialized courses for security guards on the concept of bias indicators. Civil Guard officers participated in online training courses on related issues as part of their continuous training.
Additionally, the General State Prosecutor's Office introduced a specific module on hate crimes in the initial training programme for prosecutors. Several other courses on hate crimes have been offered to non-specialist prosecutors to raise their awareness of the issue.
Training courses on recently introduced legal provisions were held for victim support professionals working at the Offices of Assistance to Victims of Crime and the Office of Information and Assistance to Victims of Terrorism of the National Court.
This category includes anti-Muslim and anti-Christian hate crimes as well as other hate crimes based on religion and belief, except for anti-Semitic hate crimes.
This category includes both hate crimes based on sexual orientation and those based on gender identity.
The bias behind the offences in this category was not specified.
ODIHR recognizes Spain's efforts to expand the list of protected characteristics in the national law and efforts to co-ordinate the work of government agencies to address hate crime. However, based on the available information, it observes that Spain would benefit from strengthening collaboration with and facilitating the efforts of civil society working to address hate crime and support hate crime victims.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decisions 9/09 and 13/06, OSCE participating States committed to taking a proactive and inclusive approach to civil society. ODIHR stands ready to support Spain in meeting its relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and assistance.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.