In October 2021, following two years of consultations with police, academics, government and community groups and civil society, the Canadian Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey was updated to enable the further disaggregation of hate crime data. In particular, the updates allowed for:
- the collection of data on more specific categories of bias, including based on religion, "race"/ethnicity, orientation, disability, and gender;
- the inclusion of new categories to record crimes targeting migrants and foreigners;
- the inclusion of an anti-Roma hate crime category, to align reporting with ODIHR's hate crime strands; and
- the inclusion of more than one bias motivation per crime, allowing for an analysis of intersectional bias motivations.
This category captures hate crimes motivated by bias on the following grounds: Aboriginal, Arab/West Asian, Black, East and Southeast Asian, South Asian, White, Multiple Races/Ethnicities, Other race/ethnicity and unknown race/ethnicity and bias against language.
This category captures hate crimes motivated by bias against Catholics, members of other religions (e.g., Baptist, Greek Orthodox, Buddhist) and unknown religions.
Includes hate crimes motivated by bias against male, female and unknown sex.
This category includes 259 hate crimes committed with motivation based on bias against bisexual, heterosexual, gay and lesbian, other and unknown sexual orientation; and eight hate crimes committed on grounds of "other sex" (for example transgender or gender).
ODIHR recognizes Canada's efforts to improve its hate crime recording and data collection methodology to enable the further disaggregation of data, as well as the regular submission of information on police records to ODIHR. However, based on the available information, it observes that Canada has not reported hate crime data recorded by prosecution and judiciary to ODIHR. In addition, ODIHR observes that Canada would benefit from ensuring that hate crimes are addressed in a comprehensive manner, including by introducing a co-ordination mechanism.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to collecting reliable data and statistics in sufficient detail on hate crimes, and to reporting these periodically to ODIHR. Furthermore, in Ministerial Council Decisions 9/09 and 13/06, participating States committed to ensuring a comprehensive approach to hate crimes. To that end, the relevant authorities are required to co-ordinate among themselves, while collaborating closely with civil society. ODIHR stands ready to support Canada in meeting the relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as further resources and assistance in the area of responding to hate crimes comprehensively.