In January 2019, amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation came into force. These amendments set the threshold of criminal liability, as opposed to administrative liability, for the offence of inciting hatred or enmity, as well as for the offence of humiliating a person's dignity for extremist motives, including when committed through violence.
The "Unspecified" section includes extremist crimes of a non-violent nature, which may fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime. The vast majority of these crimes were committed using the Internet.
ODIHR observes that the Russian Federation has not reported reliable statistics on hate crimes to ODIHR.
SOVA and Kantor Center reported descriptive incidents as well as statistical data. This explains the discrepancy between the graphic above and the incidents included below.