Польша

Польша регулярно предоставляет БДИПЧ данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти. В мониторинге и/или сборе данных о преступлениях на почве ненависти участвуют несколько государственных органов, в первую очередь полиция и прокуратура. Данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти регулярно публикуются.

Как в полиции, так и в прокуратуре существует высокая степень специализации по преступлениям на почве ненависти. Было назначено более 100 прокуроров-специалистов по преступлениям на почве ненависти, а в 2014 году в полиции была создана сеть координаторов по преступлениям на почве ненависти. В 2015 году по запросу нижней палаты парламента БДИПЧ предоставило обзор законодательства в отношении предлагаемых изменений в Уголовный кодекс Польши, включая положения о преступлениях на почве ненависти.

В 2023 году сотрудники полиции Польши приняли участие в трехдневном семинаре по подготовке инструкторов в рамках программы БДИПЧ «Обучение сотрудников правоохранительных органов мерам борьбы с преступлениями на почве ненависти» (ОБПН). В 2018 году Министерство внутренних дел, БДИПЧ и Агентство ЕС по основным правам совместно организовали семинар по пониманию и совершенствованию регистрации преступлений на почве ненависти и сбору данных на основе программы БДИПЧ по содействию надлежащемy учету преступлений на почве ненависти и борьбе с ними (ИНФАКТ). В 2019 году БДИПЧ совместно с Уполномоченным по правам человека в Польше выпустило отчет о характере и масштабах незарегистрированных преступлений на почве ненависти в отношении представителей отдельных общин в Польше.

В настоящее время разрабатывается законопроект о внесении изменений в Уголовный кодекс, направленный на усиление уголовно-правовой защиты от дискриминационного поведения по признакам инвалидности, возраста, пола, сексуальной ориентации и гендерной идентичности.

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Download the 2014 hate crime report for Польша

OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES

Year	Hate crimes recorded by police	Prosecuted	Sentenced
2023	893	386	296
2022	1,180	440	312
2021	997	466	339
2020	826	374	266
2019	972	432	597
2018	1117	397	315
2017	886	320	260
2016	874	281	236
2015	263	229	195
2014	778	179	127
2013	757	116	53
2012	266	76	39
2011	222	43	24
2010	251	30	28
2009	194	29	27

About 2014 Data

Two sets of data are reported to ODIHR: the overall number of hate crimes is provided by the police and disaggregated by type of crime, but not by bias motivation (presented in the “unspecified” bias motivation section below). The Ministry of the Interior reports a number of hate crimes disaggregated by bias motivation, but not by type of crime. Most of the cases recorded by the Ministry of the Interior are included in the overall figure (although due to technical limitations, these are also displayed separately below). Reported data include crimes of incitement to hatred and discrimination cases.

Download official data

National developments

The Polish Police continued providing training workshops on hate crime for police officers as part of ODIHR’s TAHCLE programme.

The Criminal Service Bureau, Voivodship police headquarters and Metropolitan Police Headquarters appointed hate crime co-ordinators in local police units. The co-ordinators compile monthly updates on hate crime investigations and submit them to the Criminal Service Bureau of General Police Headquarters.

The Voivodship police headquarters and Metropolitan Police Headquarters established specialized units for combating cybercrime, based on a model of the Cybercrime Unit of the General Police Headquarters. The new units’ specialists monitor Internet websites to identify cases of hate speech, which can constitute crimes in Poland.

The General Police Headquarters launched a Platform against Hate, which gathers the representatives of the police, public institutions and nongovernmental organizations. Representatives of the Ministry of the Interior, the Ombudsman's Office, the Government Plenipotentiary for Equal Treatment Office, the Ministry of Justice, representatives of the police from General Police Headquarters and from local police units and civil society groups attend Platform meetings. The aim of the Platform is to exchange the experiences and develop best practices when countering hate crimes.

The Ministry of the Interior carried out a nationwide information campaign called “Racism. Say it to fight it!”, aimed at increasing awareness and reporting of hate crimes. The campaign launched a website that includes a reporting form. Leaflets and TV spots were also prepared and a conference organized as part of the campaign.

The General Prosecutor’s Office launched two sets of guidelines for prosecutors in 2014. The Guidelines on conducting proceedings in hate crime cases contains guidance on how to investigate hate crimes correctly, and what steps - other than based on the Penal Code - should be undertaken by prosecutors in hate crime cases. The guidelines also deal with recording information about hate crime prosecutions. Prosecutors have also received the new Guidelines on hate crimes committed via the Internet. Their main aim is to unify practice in investigation and prosecution of these types of hate crime and hate speech cases.

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR observes that Poland has not reported on hate crimes separately from cases of hate speech.

INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY

Total Incidents
Targeted properties
Type of property attacks

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported several initiatives in Poland related to hate crime. The Polish police created a Police Platform against Hatred, which includes Police Human Rights Plenipotentiaries from all regions, representatives from the ombudsperson’s office, UNHCR, civil society groups and the Plenipotentiary for Equal Treatment from the Ministry of Interior. The platform holds quarterly meetings to discuss current challenges related to hate crime and ways to address them.

UNHCR also reported that the Ministry of the Interior published a report on the state of combatting racism and xenophobia in Białystok, the Afryka Connect Foundation organized regular meetings on hate crime and intolerance involving migrants, and the municipality of Białystok organized the "Tolerance is OK" open conference.

The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) recommended changes to the Polish criminal code, specifically making the racial motivation of a crime an aggravating circumstance and allowing for enhanced punishment to combat the occurrence of such acts. It also noted its concern that victims may not be willing to report incidents through official channels, recommending as a result that Poland continue its training programmes for police officers, prosecutors and judges.

It its fifth report on Poland, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) commended the guidance on prosecuting hate crimes issued by the Prosecutor General and encouraged its effective implementation. ECRI also recommended that Polish authorities improve their system for collecting hate crime data.