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Польша

Польша регулярно предоставляет БДИПЧ данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти. В мониторинге и/или сборе данных о преступлениях на почве ненависти участвуют несколько государственных органов, в первую очередь полиция и прокуратура. Данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти регулярно публикуются.  

Как в полиции, так и в прокуратуре существует высокая степень специализации по преступлениям на почве ненависти. Было назначено более 100 прокуроров-специалистов по преступлениям на почве ненависти, а в 2014 году в полиции была создана сеть координаторов по преступлениям на почве ненависти. В 2015 году по запросу нижней палаты парламента БДИПЧ предоставило обзор законодательства в отношении предлагаемых изменений в Уголовный кодекс Польши, включая положения о преступлениях на почве ненависти. 

В 2023 году сотрудники полиции Польши приняли участие в трехдневном семинаре по подготовке инструкторов в рамках программы БДИПЧ  «Обучение сотрудников правоохранительных органов мерам борьбы с преступлениями на почве ненависти» (ОБПН). В 2018 году Министерство внутренних дел, БДИПЧ и Агентство ЕС по основным правам совместно организовали семинар по пониманию и совершенствованию регистрации преступлений на почве ненависти и сбору данных на основе программы БДИПЧ по содействию надлежащемy учету преступлений на почве ненависти и борьбе с ними (ИНФАКТ). В 2019 году БДИПЧ совместно с Уполномоченным по правам человека в Польше выпустило отчет о характере и масштабах незарегистрированных преступлений на почве ненависти в отношении представителей отдельных общин в Польше.

В настоящее время разрабатывается законопроект о внесении изменений в Уголовный кодекс, направленный на усиление уголовно-правовой защиты от дискриминационного поведения по признакам инвалидности, возраста, пола, сексуальной ориентации и гендерной идентичности.

Сбор данных о преступлениях на почве ненависти в Польше (анг.)
Поддержка жертв преступлений на почве ненависти в Польше (анг.)
Наращивание потенциала по борьбе с преступлениями на почве ненависти в Польше (анг.)
Законодательство в области преступлений на почве ненависти в Польше (анг.)
TANDIS Access more information at the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Information System (TANDIS) website

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Download the 2014 hate crime report for Польша

OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2023 893 386 296
2022 1,180 440 312
2021 997 466 339
2020 826 374 266
2019 972 432 597
2018 1117 397 315
2017 886 320 260
2016 874 281 236
2015 263 229 195
2014 778 179 127
2013 757 116 53
2012 266 76 39
2011 222 43 24
2010 251 30 28
2009 194 29 27

About 2014 Data

    Two sets of data are reported to ODIHR: the overall number of hate crimes is provided by the police and disaggregated by type of crime, but not by bias motivation (presented in the “unspecified” bias motivation section below). The Ministry of the Interior reports a number of hate crimes disaggregated by bias motivation, but not by type of crime. Most of the cases recorded by the Ministry of the Interior are included in the overall figure (although due to technical limitations, these are also displayed separately below). Reported data include crimes of incitement to hatred and discrimination cases.

Hate crime recorded by police

  • By bias motivation
  • By type of crime
Download official data
Download official data

National developments

The Polish Police continued providing training workshops on hate crime for police officers as part of ODIHR’s TAHCLE programme.

The Criminal Service Bureau, Voivodship police headquarters and Metropolitan Police Headquarters appointed hate crime co-ordinators in local police units. The co-ordinators compile monthly updates on hate crime investigations and submit them to the Criminal Service Bureau of General Police Headquarters.

The Voivodship police headquarters and Metropolitan Police Headquarters established specialized units for combating cybercrime, based on a model of the Cybercrime Unit of the General Police Headquarters. The new units’ specialists monitor Internet websites to identify cases of hate speech, which can constitute crimes in Poland.

The General Police Headquarters launched a Platform against Hate, which gathers the representatives of the police, public institutions and nongovernmental organizations. Representatives of the Ministry of the Interior, the Ombudsman's Office, the Government Plenipotentiary for Equal Treatment Office, the Ministry of Justice, representatives of the police from General Police Headquarters and from local police units and civil society groups attend Platform meetings. The aim of the Platform is to exchange the experiences and develop best practices when countering hate crimes.

The Ministry of the Interior carried out a nationwide information campaign called “Racism. Say it to fight it!”, aimed at increasing awareness and reporting of hate crimes. The campaign launched a website that includes a reporting form. Leaflets and TV spots were also prepared and a conference organized as part of the campaign.

The General Prosecutor’s Office launched two sets of guidelines for prosecutors in 2014. The Guidelines on conducting proceedings in hate crime cases contains guidance on how to investigate hate crimes correctly, and what steps - other than based on the Penal Code - should be undertaken by prosecutors in hate crime cases. The guidelines also deal with recording information about hate crime prosecutions. Prosecutors have also received the new Guidelines on hate crimes committed via the Internet. Their main aim is to unify practice in investigation and prosecution of these types of hate crime and hate speech cases.

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR observes that Poland has not reported on hate crimes separately from cases of hate speech.

Incidents reported by civil society, international organizations and the Holy See

TOTAL 110 INCIDENTS
Download incident data

Reports

Hate crime against Christians and members of other religions

The Holy See reported two physical assaults on Catholic priests, one of which involved the theft of parish property. The Holy See further reported a church burglary, one incident of vandalism and two incidents of the desecration of places of worship. The Polish authorities reported that in one incident of desecration, the perpetrator was charged with hate crime, whereas no bias motivation could be confirmed in the other incidents.

The Observatory on Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians, the Ordo Iuris Institute for Legal Culture and the Never Again Association reported an incident of anti-Semitic graffiti on a Catholic monument. The Ordo Iuris Institute for Legal Culture reported damage to a chapel and four incidents of vandalism.

read more ›

Anti-Semitic hate crime

The Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland reported two incidents of graffiti, including one on a synagogue; two incidents of damage to property, including one in which the windows of a synagogue were smashed and one in which a memorial was destroyed. The Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland and the Never Again Association reported the desecration of a grave. The Never Again Association reported one physical assault, one arson attack on a synagogue, three incidents of threat and ten incidents of graffiti.

The Never Again Association, the Observatory on Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians and the Ordo Iuris Institute for Legal Culture reported an incident of graffiti in which the Star of David was painted on a monument to John Paul II. 

read more ›

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

ILGA-Europe, the Never Again Association and the Campaign Against Homophobia (KPH) reported the murder of a gay man, who was beaten and drowned. ILGA-Europe and the KPH additionally reported four physical assaults, including one carried out by a group against a gay boy in which his dog was also attacked, and attacks against a man and his partner, a transgender woman and a gay man; and one incident of damage to a mural promoting diversity and equal treatment.

read more ›

Disability hate crime

The Never Again Association reported a physical assault against a young man causing serious injury.

read more ›

Anti-Roma hate crime

The Never Again Association reported two incidents of assaults carried out by groups causing serious injuries, one of which targeted a Roma woman and her children; one physical assault on a Roma man; two incidents of graffiti on Roma homes; and one incident of damage to property. 

read more ›

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

The Never Again Association reported seven incidents of physical attacks carried out by groups, causing serious injuries, one physical assault against a Moroccan man, seven incidents of physical assault, including one carried out by a group, six incidents of threats, an arson attack on a Greek Catholic church, 14 incidents of graffiti and one incident of damage to property. 

read more ›

Anti-Muslim hate crime

World Without Nazism reported two incidents of damage to property, one targeting a mosque and the second a cemetery.

read more ›

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported several initiatives in Poland related to hate crime. The Polish police created a Police Platform against Hatred, which includes Police Human Rights Plenipotentiaries from all regions, representatives from the ombudsperson’s office, UNHCR, civil society groups and the Plenipotentiary for Equal Treatment from the Ministry of Interior. The platform holds quarterly meetings to discuss current challenges related to hate crime and ways to address them.

UNHCR also reported that the Ministry of the Interior published a report on the state of combatting racism and xenophobia in Białystok, the Afryka Connect Foundation organized regular meetings on hate crime and intolerance involving migrants, and the municipality of Białystok organized the "Tolerance is OK" open conference.

The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) recommended changes to the Polish criminal code, specifically making the racial motivation of a crime an aggravating circumstance and allowing for enhanced punishment to combat the occurrence of such acts. It also noted its concern that victims may not be willing to report incidents through official channels, recommending as a result that Poland continue its training programmes for police officers, prosecutors and judges.

It its fifth report on Poland, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) commended the guidance on prosecuting hate crimes issued by the Prosecutor General and encouraged its effective implementation. ECRI also recommended that Polish authorities improve their system for collecting hate crime data.

Свяжитесь с нами

Электронная почта tndinfo@odihr.pl
Телефон +48 22 520 06 00
Факс +48 22 520 06 05
Бюро ОБСЕ по демократическим институтам и правам человека (БДИПЧ)
Департамент по толерантности и недискриминации
Ул. Miodowa 10
00-251
Варшава, Польша

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