Польша

Польша регулярно предоставляет БДИПЧ данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти. В мониторинге и/или сборе данных о преступлениях на почве ненависти участвуют несколько государственных органов, в первую очередь полиция и прокуратура. Данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти регулярно публикуются.

Как в полиции, так и в прокуратуре существует высокая степень специализации по преступлениям на почве ненависти. Было назначено более 100 прокуроров-специалистов по преступлениям на почве ненависти, а в 2014 году в полиции была создана сеть координаторов по преступлениям на почве ненависти. В 2015 году по запросу нижней палаты парламента БДИПЧ предоставило обзор законодательства в отношении предлагаемых изменений в Уголовный кодекс Польши, включая положения о преступлениях на почве ненависти.

В 2023 году сотрудники полиции Польши приняли участие в трехдневном семинаре по подготовке инструкторов в рамках программы БДИПЧ «Обучение сотрудников правоохранительных органов мерам борьбы с преступлениями на почве ненависти» (ОБПН). В 2018 году Министерство внутренних дел, БДИПЧ и Агентство ЕС по основным правам совместно организовали семинар по пониманию и совершенствованию регистрации преступлений на почве ненависти и сбору данных на основе программы БДИПЧ по содействию надлежащемy учету преступлений на почве ненависти и борьбе с ними (ИНФАКТ). В 2019 году БДИПЧ совместно с Уполномоченным по правам человека в Польше выпустило отчет о характере и масштабах незарегистрированных преступлений на почве ненависти в отношении представителей отдельных общин в Польше.

В настоящее время разрабатывается законопроект о внесении изменений в Уголовный кодекс, направленный на усиление уголовно-правовой защиты от дискриминационного поведения по признакам инвалидности, возраста, пола, сексуальной ориентации и гендерной идентичности.

SELECT YEAR

Download the 2012 hate crime report for Польша

OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES

Year	Hate crimes recorded by police	Prosecuted	Sentenced
2023	893	386	296
2022	1,180	440	312
2021	997	466	339
2020	826	374	266
2019	972	432	597
2018	1117	397	315
2017	886	320	260
2016	874	281	236
2015	263	229	195
2014	778	179	127
2013	757	116	53
2012	266	76	39
2011	222	43	24
2010	251	30	28
2009	194	29	27

About 2012 Data

Two sets of data are reported to ODIHR: The overall number of hate crimes is provided by the police and broken down by type of crime but not by bias motivation (it is presented as “unspecified” bias motivation below). Ministry of Interior reports a number of hate crimes disaggregated by bias motivation, but not by crime type. Most of the cases reported by the Ministry of Interior are included in the overall figure (although due to technical limitation, they are also displayed separately below). Reported data include crimes of incitement to hatred.

Download official data

National developments

The General Prosecutor’s Office of Poland completed an in-depth analysis of recent investigations and prosecutions in cases of offences committed on the internet and involving racial, national, ethnic, or religious bias. The aim of the analysis was to identify shortcomings and develop methodology to address them. The findings revealed that a significant part of these cases is discontinued or investigation not initiated by the prosecutors due to non-detection of a perpetrator or due to perceived lack of features of a criminal act. The report on findings was disseminated among prosecutors in the country. Some of the examined cases were also followed-up on as a result of the analysis.

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR observes that Poland has not reported on hate crimes separately from cases of hate speech.

Incidents reported by civil society, international organizations and the Holy See

Developments

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

In Poland and Ukraine, the Never Again Association implemented the UEFA Euro 2012 Social Responsibility Program called “Respect Diversity”, which involved various anti-racial awareness-raising activities before and during the European Championship.

Reports

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

The Never Again Association reported 21 physical assaults, including two resulting in serious injury, eight of which were carried out by a group and three involving weapons such as knives, baseball bats, bottles and chains; three cases of vandalism and damage to property, two of which were associated with celebrating anti-racism and Africa Day events; one case of arson against a Chechen family’s flat, with the father and five children inside; and one case of the desecration of graves, at the Ostrołęka Soviet cemetery in Northeastern Poland.

Anti-Roma hate crime

The Never Again Association reported one case of attempted arson against several Roma homes; one case of property damage against a car; two cases of public threats by a group against Roma families; and seven physical assaults, including one resulting in serious injury and four carried out by a group. Three attacks involved the perpetrators breaking into the houses of Roma families, with children present.

Anti-Semitic hate crime

The Never Again Association reported two cases of vandalism and/or damage to property, ten cases of desecration of cemeteries, one case of threats against the leader of the Jewish community in Warsaw, eight incidents of graffiti on property and one incident of desecration of a synagogue.

Hate crime against Christians and members of other religions

The Never Again Association reported one incident of damage to the property of an Orthodox cemetery and one incident of graffiti on the walls of an Evangelical cemetery.

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

The Campaign Against Homophobia reported three cases of damage to property, including one involving excrement being smeared on a car that displayed a rainbow sticker, an incident that also involved threats to a gay couple and against an art installation in Warsaw city centre; as well as three physical assaults, including one against a gay couple by two perpetrators, one against a group of people traveling to Warsaw Pride events and a serious attack by a group against two men.

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

The UN Human Rights Council, in its Universal Periodic Review, encouraged Poland to consider strengthening legislation on hate crimes, institute a national mechanism on hate crime data collection, and to ensure immediate, adequate and independent investigations of racially motivated crimes.

It also recommended that Poland strengthen measures to prevent racist violence, especially against people of African origin.

Anti-Roma hate crime

The Human Rights Council, in its Universal Periodic Review, recommended that Poland strengthen measures to prevent racist violence, especially against Roma people.

Anti-Semitic hate crime

The UN Human Rights Council, in its Universal Periodic Review, encouraged Poland to enact public-awareness campaigns and government training on discrimination and hate crimes in order to decrease anti-Semitism.

Anti-Muslim hate crime

The UN Human Rights Council, in its Universal Periodic Review, recommended that Poland strengthen measures to prevent racist violence, especially against Muslims.

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

The UN Human Rights Council, in its Universal Periodic Review, encouraged Poland to recognize sexual orientation and gender identity as protected grounds for discrimination and hate crimes and for law enforcement to do outreach with LGBT communities in order to increase reporting of hate crimes.