Польша
Польша регулярно предоставляет БДИПЧ данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти. В мониторинге и/или сборе данных о преступлениях на почве ненависти участвуют несколько государственных органов, в первую очередь полиция и прокуратура. Данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти регулярно публикуются.
Как в полиции, так и в прокуратуре существует высокая степень специализации по преступлениям на почве ненависти. Было назначено более 100 прокуроров-специалистов по преступлениям на почве ненависти, а в 2014 году в полиции была создана сеть координаторов по преступлениям на почве ненависти. В 2015 году по запросу нижней палаты парламента БДИПЧ предоставило обзор законодательства в отношении предлагаемых изменений в Уголовный кодекс Польши, включая положения о преступлениях на почве ненависти.
В 2023 году сотрудники полиции Польши приняли участие в трехдневном семинаре по подготовке инструкторов в рамках программы БДИПЧ «Обучение сотрудников правоохранительных органов мерам борьбы с преступлениями на почве ненависти» (ОБПН). В 2018 году Министерство внутренних дел, БДИПЧ и Агентство ЕС по основным правам совместно организовали семинар по пониманию и совершенствованию регистрации преступлений на почве ненависти и сбору данных на основе программы БДИПЧ по содействию надлежащемy учету преступлений на почве ненависти и борьбе с ними (ИНФАКТ). В 2019 году БДИПЧ совместно с Уполномоченным по правам человека в Польше выпустило отчет о характере и масштабах незарегистрированных преступлений на почве ненависти в отношении представителей отдельных общин в Польше.
В настоящее время разрабатывается законопроект о внесении изменений в Уголовный кодекс, направленный на усиление уголовно-правовой защиты от дискриминационного поведения по признакам инвалидности, возраста, пола, сексуальной ориентации и гендерной идентичности.
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 893 | 386 | 296 |
| 2022 | 1,180 | 440 | 312 |
| 2021 | 997 | 466 | 339 |
| 2020 | 826 | 374 | 266 |
| 2019 | 972 | 432 | 597 |
| 2018 | 1117 | 397 | 315 |
| 2017 | 886 | 320 | 260 |
| 2016 | 874 | 281 | 236 |
| 2015 | 263 | 229 | 195 |
| 2014 | 778 | 179 | 127 |
| 2013 | 757 | 116 | 53 |
| 2012 | 266 | 76 | 39 |
| 2011 | 222 | 43 | 24 |
| 2010 | 251 | 30 | 28 |
| 2009 | 194 | 29 | 27 |
About 2022 Data
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The police records represent the number of proceedings initiated by police for hate crimes cases in 2022, including proceedings that were later discontinued owing to a lack of evidence.
The records on prosecuted hate crimes includes cases that culminated in a bill of indictment, submissions to courts based on a guilty plea, submissions to courts for the conditional discharge of a penalty, and submissions to courts to discontinue proceedings owing to the perpetrator's reduced culpability on mental health grounds.
The records on sentenced hate crimes represent the number of persons convicted in the first instance before district and regional courts.
All records may include cases of discrimination or hate speech, which fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.
Hate crime recorded by police
The numbers presented here refer to police investigations that were initiated as hate crimes. Incidents of hate speech, which fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime, were not included.
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes Poland's efforts to strengthen the capacity of law enforcement to address hate crimes. However, based on the available information, it observes that Poland's hate crime recording and statistics do not sufficiently distinguish hate crimes from other crimes. In addition, ODIHR observes that Poland would benefit from further raising awareness among and building the capacity of prosecutors on hate crime.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States have agreed to a common definition of hate crime and committed to collecting reliable data and statistics on hate crimes. To that end, hate crimes need to be distinguished throughout the recording and data collection process from discrimination and other crimes. Participating States have also committed to introduce or further develop professional training and capacity-building activities for law enforcement, prosecution and judicial officials dealing with hate crimes.
ODIHR stands ready to support Poland in meeting its relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as through its resources and tailored capacity-building assistance for police, prosecution, and judiciary.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Дата | ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА | Источник | Описание |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-03 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-03 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-03 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-03 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022-03 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-04 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022-03 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-08 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-08 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-08 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-10 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-04 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-08 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
|
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| 2022-06 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
|
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| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
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| 2022-01 | Threats/Harassment | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
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| 2022-06 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
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| 2022-08 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
|
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| 2022-09 | Threats/Harassment | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
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| 2022-10 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
Show info |
Anti-Roma hate crime
| Дата | ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА | Источник | Описание |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-03 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
Jewish Association CZULENT
|
Show info |
Anti-Semitic hate crime
| Дата | ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА | Источник | Описание |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | Jewish Association CZULENT
|
Show info |
| 2022-01 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
|
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| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
|
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-09 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-09 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-04 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-09 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-08 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
|
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| 2022-03 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-01 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
|
Show info |
| 2022-01 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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Anti-Christian hate crime
| Дата | ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА | Источник | Описание |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | "Pro Futuro Theologiae" Foundation
Ordo Iuris Institute
|
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| 2022-10 | Threats/Harassment | "Pro Futuro Theologiae" Foundation
OIDAC
Ordo Iuris Institute
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | "Pro Futuro Theologiae" Foundation
OIDAC
Ordo Iuris Institute
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| 2022-10 | Violent attacks against people | Jehovah's Witnesses
|
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| 2022-08 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
|
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Disability hate crime
| Дата | ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА | Источник | Описание |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-02 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-08 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-10 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
|
Show info |
| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-04 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-09 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-08 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-10 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
|
Show info |
| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-05 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Show info |
Gender-based hate crime
| Дата | ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА | Источник | Описание |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
|
Show info |
| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-12 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-09 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | "Never Again" Association
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Show info |
| 2022 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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Show info |
| 2022-06 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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Show info |
| 2022-06 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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Show info |
Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Дата | ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА | Источник | Описание |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
|
Show info |
| 2022-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jewish Association CZULENT
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| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-02 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-07 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-02 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-12 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-09 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-04 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-04 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-09 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-03 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-09 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Violent attacks against people | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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Show info |
| 2022-09 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-11 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-05 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-01 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-06 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-07 | Threats/Harassment | The Gdańsk Centre for Equal Treatment
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| 2022-01 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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| 2022-11 | Violent attacks against people | "Never Again" Association
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INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
Racist and xenophobic hate crime, Gender-based hate crime, Anti-LGBTI hate crime
The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) published relevant recommendations in its "Final report on Poland adopted on 27 June 2023 by ECRI at its 92nd plenary meeting (27-30 June 2023)".