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Türkiye

Турция

Турция регулярно предоставляет БДИПЧ данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти. Турция внедрила программу БДИПЧ "Обучение правоохранительных органов мерам борьбы с преступлениями на почве ненависти" (ОБПН) в соответствии с меморандумом о взаимопонимании, подписанным в 2016 году. В настоящее время правительство реализует План действий в области прав человека, вступивший в силу в 2021 году, который включает задачи, направленные на борьбу с преступлениями на почве ненависти в стране и оказание помощи жертвам.

Сбор данных о преступлениях на почве ненависти в Турции (анг.)
Поддержка жертв преступлений на почве ненависти в Турции (анг.)
Наращивание потенциала по борьбе с преступлениями на почве ненависти в Турции (анг.)
Законодательство в области преступлений на почве ненависти в Турции (анг.)
TANDIS Access more information at the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Information System (TANDIS) website

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Download the 2020 hate crime report for Турция

OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2023 93 476 260
2022 175 263 246
2021 87 210 374
2020 70 213 258
2019 79 248 319
2018 - 1983 589
2017 13 1967 500
2016 14 1455 290
2015 Not available 810 272
2014 Not available 658 202
2013 Not available 535 334
2012 Not available 497 158
2011 Not available 628 17
2010 6 330 297
2009 3 250 242

About 2020 Data

    The discrepancy between the number of offences in police and prosecutorial records is due to the fact that most crimes are registered by prosecutors, and not by the police. It should also be noted that the numbers in this table relate only to the criminal offences constituting threats and damaging places of worship and cemeteries (Articles 115 and 153 of Turkey’s Criminal Code). Turkey also reported a further 1286 cases recorded by police of discrimination and hate speech offence, such as incitement to hatred (Articles 122, 135 and 216 of Turkey’s Criminal Code), which fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.

Hate crime recorded by police

The breakdown below consists of police records related to the offences of "Prevention of the Exercise of Freedom of Belief, Thought and Conviction", and "Damaging Places of Worship and Cemeteries" (Articles 115 and 153 of Turkey’s Criminal Code). The offences of "Hatred and Discrimination", "Recording of Personal Data", and "Provoking the Public to Hatred, Hostility or Degrading the Public" (Articles 122, 135 and 216 of the Criminal Code of Turkey) were not included since they fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.

  • By bias motivation
  • By type of crime
Download official data
Download official data

National developments

Turkey continued implementing ODIHR's Training against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) programme, following a memorandum of understanding signed in 2016. In 2020 alone, the Turkish National Police and Police Academy trained 509 police officers through the "Seminar on Informing Law Enforcement against Hate Crimes".

In March 2021, the Human Rights Action Plan (Action Plan) was announced by the Turkish government. One of the Action Plan’s goals is dedicated to addressing hate crime and includes: (i) a commitment to separately criminalize acts of hate crime which target the human dignity and peaceful coexistence of different groups and to take all the measures necessary to fight against these criminal offences effectively (hate crimes based on language, religion, race, colour, sex, political views, philosophical beliefs, sect, or other similar reasons are specifically mentioned); (ii) national and international developments to be tracked and periodical reports to be prepared on instances which constitute discrimination or hate speech/crime such as intolerance against Muslims, xenophobia, intolerance against migrants, and racism; (iii) investigation guides to be prepared with a view to effectively combating discrimination and hate crimes; (iv) the Turkish Criminal Code to be amended to include a new provision on discrimination and hate crimes; (v) continuous monitoring to be ensured by taking into account the opinions of the Criminal Law Science Commission; (vi) psycho-social and legal support to be offered to the victims of discrimination and hate crimes; (vii) a database to be created and a proper collection of statistics to be secured with regard to criminal offences and misdemeanours involving hate and discrimination (to this end, law enforcement and prosecution staff to be offered training); and (viii) the awareness of hate crimes and discrimination to be raised by means of training and preparing handbooks for media representatives. "The Human Rights Action Plan Monitoring and Assessment Board" has been established to monitor implementation of the Action Plan. The Board is chaired by the President of the Republic and consists of relevant ministers. The secretariat services of the Board, which convenes every 6 months, are carried out by the Ministry of Justice.

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR recognizes Turkey's efforts in raising awareness of the police in the area of addressing hate crime. However, based on available information, it observes that the law enforcement agencies of Turkey have not recorded the bias motivations of hate crimes. In addition, ODIHR observes that Turkey would benefit from reviewing the existing legal framework in order to ensure that bias motivation can be effectively acknowledged and appropriate penalties imposed on the perpetrators.

ODIHR recalls that in the Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, participating States have committed to promptly investigate hate crimes and ensure that the motives of those convicted of hate crimes are acknowledged. To that end, the law enforcement must, first of all, record the bias motivation of hate crimes. In the Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, participating States have also committed to enact specific, tailored legislation to combat hate crimes, providing for effective penalties that take into account the gravity of such crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support Turkey in meeting the relevant commitments through its comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as further resources and tailored legislative advice.


Our methodology

INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY

  • Total Incidents
  • Targeted properties
  • Type of property attacks

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2020-06 Attacks against property
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2020-05 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2020-12 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2020-09 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2020-09 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2020-08 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2020-10 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2020-06 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2020-07 Threats/Harassment
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2020-12 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2020 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2020-08 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2020-09 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2020 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2020-05 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2020-10 Threats/Harassment
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2020-05 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info

Anti-Muslim hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2020-01 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2020-01 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2020-07 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2020-12 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2020-10 Threats/Harassment
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2020-01 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info

Anti-Christian hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2020-05 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2020-10 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2020-02 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Holy See
Show info
2020-07 Threats/Harassment
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Holy See
Show info
2020-05 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info

Gender-based hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2020-02 Violent attacks against people
Red Umbrella Sexual Health and Human Rights Association
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info
2020 Violent attacks against people
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2020-02 Violent attacks against people
Red Umbrella Sexual Health and Human Rights Association
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2020-02 Violent attacks against people
Red Umbrella Sexual Health and Human Rights Association
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info
2020-09 Violent attacks against people
Red Umbrella Sexual Health and Human Rights Association
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info
2020-02 Violent attacks against people
Red Umbrella Sexual Health and Human Rights Association
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

No information is available.

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Электронная почта tndinfo@odihr.pl
Телефон +48 22 520 06 00
Факс +48 22 520 06 05
Бюро ОБСЕ по демократическим институтам и правам человека (БДИПЧ)
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Ул. Miodowa 10
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Варшава, Польша

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