Черногория
Черногория предоставляла БДИПЧ данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти, в последний раз в отчетах о преступлениях на почве ненависти за 2019 и 2021 годы.
Черногория реализовала программу БДИПЧ «Обучение сотрудников правоохранительных органов мерам борьбы с преступлениями на почве ненависти» (ОБПН) в 2014 году и обновила ее в 2022 году после внесения изменений в законодательство страны о преступлениях на почве ненависти в 2018 году. В 2022 году БДИПЧ организовало повторный курс ОБПН. В 2023 году Черногория внедрила разработанную БДИПЧ программу «Обучение сотрудников прокуратуры мерам борьбы с преступлениями на почве ненависти» (ОПБПН). В 2017 году Черногория приняла меры, позволяющие эффективно привлекать к ответственности за преступления на почве ненависти после решения Европейского суда по правам человека по делу Алкович против Черногории (№ 66895/10). В 2023 году Черногория внесла изменения в законодательство, добавив положения о публичных действиях, провоцирующих или разжигающих расовую и религиозную ненависть (статья 370), а также предусмотрев особые обстоятельства для вынесения приговоров за преступления на почве ненависти (статья 42a).
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 19 | 4 | 623 |
| 2022 | 3 | Not available | 602 |
| 2021 | 7 | - | 5 |
| 2020 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2019 | 31 | - | 3 |
| 2018 | - | 0 | 1 |
| 2017 | Not available | Not available | 1 |
| 2016 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2015 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2014 | Not available | Not available | 0 |
| 2013 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2012 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2011 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2010 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2009 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
About 2021 Data
-
In addition to the police records presented above, one further incident – classified as a misdemeanour – was reported to ODIHR. The above figures may include cases of hate speech, which fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.
Hate crime recorded by police
The breakdown below shows cases addressed as misdemeanours under Article 19 of Montenegro's Law on Public Order and Peace. According to police records, the relevant offences targeted four members of the LGBTI community, four persons of Roma ethnicity, three persons of Bosniak origin, two persons of Albanian origin, one person of Serbian origin and one church official.
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes Montenegro's efforts to build the capacity of police to address hate crime, including through ODIHR's TAHCLE programme, as well as the police and judiciary hate crime records provided. However, based on the available information, ODIHR observes that Montenegro has not reported data on the number of prosecuted hate crimes to ODIHR. In addition, ODIHR observes that Montenegro would benefit from raising awareness among and building the capacity of criminal justice officials, especially prosecutors, to address hate crime.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to collecting reliable data and statistics in sufficient detail on hate crimes and to reporting such data periodically to ODIHR. Participating States also committed to introducing or further developing professional training and capacity-building activities for law enforcement, prosecution and judicial officials dealing with hate crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support Montenegro in meeting its relevant commitments by providing comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well further resources and tailored capacity-building assistance for police, prosecutors, and the judiciary.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Дата | ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА | Источник | Описание |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-01 | Attacks against property | Center for education and research Nahla
|
Show info |
| 2021-02 | Attacks against property | Center for education and research Nahla
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
Show info |
| 2021-03 | Attacks against property | Center for education and research Nahla
|
Show info |
| 2021-02 | Attacks against property | Center for education and research Nahla
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
Show info |
Anti-Muslim hate crime
| Дата | ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА | Источник | Описание |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-01 | Attacks against property | Center for education and research Nahla
|
Show info |
| 2021-02 | Attacks against property | Center for education and research Nahla
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
Show info |
| 2021-03 | Attacks against property | Center for education and research Nahla
|
Show info |
| 2021-02 | Attacks against property | Center for education and research Nahla
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
Show info |
Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Дата | ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА | Источник | Описание |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-03 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
Show info |
INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
Racist and xenophobic hate crime, Gender-based hate crime
The European Union published relevant recommendations in its report from the "Eleventh meeting of the EU-Montenegro Stabilisation and Association Council (Podgorica, 14 July 2022)".