Нидерланды

The Netherlands have regularly reported hate crime data to ODIHR. The Netherlands' Criminal Code contains no hate crime provision. The framework for hate crime investigation and prosecution is set based on guidance from the Office of the Public Prosecutor. The National Police and the National Expertise Centre on Discrimination of the Office of the Public Prosecutor are primarily responsible for hate crime data collection. Police statistics are published annually. The Central Bureau of Statistics conducts annual crime victimization surveys.

How hate crime data is collected in Нидерланды

How hate crime data is collected in Нидерланды

Dutch legislation does not include a definition of hate crime. The relevant data are based on "discrimination incidents". A discrimination incident is an occurrence that has been recorded in the BHV business processing system, and which includes (a combination of) words that can point to a discriminatory fact or a discriminatory (biased) aspect, or that has been flagged as discrimination (with a specific code) by police officers. Subject experts must have determined that: (1) an utterance or a behaviour can be identified that touches one of the discrimination grounds in the Criminal Code ("race", sex, religion, belief, sexual orientation and disability), also if the discrimination ground cannot be determined; or (2) this occurrence (probably) meets the elements of the articles 137c-g or 429 quarter of the Criminal Code, or the elements of a crime committed with a bias motive (codis). Marking property with swastikas is also considered discrimination and added to the list of discrimination incidents.

Collecting data about discrimination by the police has two objectives:

  1. Operational application: information at case level has immediate significance in tackling discrimination. Overviews of discrimination incidents are discussed periodically in the Regional Discrimination Consultation (RDO), where police units discuss the handling of discrimination cases with the Public Prosecution Service and the anti-discrimination agencies (ADAs).
  2. To report on the nature and level of the registered incidents and identifiable trends.

The yearly report on "Discrimination Figures" handles the discrimination incidents registered by the police and discrimination reported to the ADAs in the Netherlands in a particular year. The data are supplemented by other data gleaned from the contact point in the Netherlands for discrimination on the internet (MiND) and the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights (NIHR).

The Public Prosecutor Office's statistics are not based on incidents, but on a number of discrimination facts, which are registered and decided upon based on one of the discrimination articles in the Criminal Code: 137c-g and 429 quarter. One discrimination fact can include several discrimination incidents. Alongside the discrimination facts, the data include 'codis': facts where a discriminatory aspect has played a role as a motive or the crime committed has a strong impact.

The Criminal Discrimination Overview report is drafted by the National Centre of Expertise on Discrimination (LECD) within the Public Prosecutor's Office (PPO). This overview reports on the inflow and processing of specific discrimination offences in a particular year to the Public Prosecution.

The figures of judges are based on the number of court cases. One court case can include several discrimination facts which, in turn, can include several discrimination incidents.

Access more information at the Legislation Online website Legislationline TANDIS Access more information at the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Information System (TANDIS) website

OFFICIAL DATA

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2021 2,417 485 Not available
2020 2133 409 Not available
2019 2016 343 Not available
2018 3299 312 91
2017 3499 331 79
2016 4376 - -
2015 5288 Not available Not available
2014 5721 133 87
2013 3614 83 89
2012 3292 114 Not available
2011 2802 169 Not available
2010 3538 170 90
2009 2212 160 135

About 2019 Data

    Figures reported to ODIHR and presented here include hate speech and discrimination offences (or "basic forms of discrimination"), as well as hate crimes ("common offences with a discriminatory motive"). Where multiple biases are registered in an offence, each of them is reported individually in the breakdown below. Data from prosecutors and courts refer to the "discriminatory facts" found in incidents, rather than the number of incidents.

Hate crime recorded by police

The police figures include hate speech incidents, data reported by local anti-discrimination services and online hate speech incidents, which cannot be disaggregated. Hate crimes recorded by the police can only be disaggregated by either bias motivation or type of crime (both breakdowns were reported to ODIHR) but not simultaneously by both. The disaggregation below shows the total numbers for each bias motivation.

National developments

In 2019, the police changed their registration of discrimination incidents, discontinuing the previously used distinction between regular acts of discrimination and those targeting employees with public duties (such as police officers). As a result, data from 2018 and 2019 cannot be compared. In addition, in 2019, the subcategories of race and religion were no longer registered, meaning that data regarding bias against Roma and Sinti and Muslims are not available for 2019.

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR observes that the Netherlands have not reported on cases of hate crimes separately from cases of hate speech or discrimination.

INCIDENTS REPORTED BY OTHER SOURCES

Kantor Center reported only statistical data. This explains the discrepancy between the graphic above and the incidents included below.

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2019-01 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-05 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-05 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-12 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-04 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-03 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-01 Attacks against property
SETA
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Anti-Muslim hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2019-01 Attacks against property
SETA
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2019-03 Attacks against property
SETA
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-04 Violent attacks against people
SETA
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2019-04 Attacks against property
SETA
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2019-06 Attacks against property
SETA
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2019-09 Attacks against property
SETA
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-10 Attacks against property
SETA
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2019-11 Threats
SETA
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2019-01 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-01 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-01 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-03 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-03 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-03 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-03 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-04 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-04 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-05 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-05 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-05 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-06 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-06 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-06 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-07 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-07 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-08 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-08 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-08 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-08 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-08 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-09 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-09 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-09 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-09 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-11 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-11 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-11 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-11 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-11 Threats
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-11 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-12 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-12 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-12 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-05 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-11 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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2019-12 Attacks against property
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Gender-based hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2019-06 Violent attacks against people
Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Anti-LGBTI hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2019 Threats
Transgender Network Netherlands
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2019-07 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Network Netherlands
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2019 Threats
Transgender Network Netherlands
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2019 Threats
Transgender Network Netherlands
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2019 Threats
Transgender Network Netherlands
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2019 Threats
Transgender Network Netherlands
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2019 Threats
Transgender Network Netherlands
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2019 Threats
Transgender Network Netherlands
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2019 Threats
Transgender Network Netherlands
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2019-11 Threats
Transgender Network Netherlands
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2019-11 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Network Netherlands
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INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

The Council of Europe's Committee of Ministers published relevant recommendations in its "Resolution on the Implementation of the Framework Convention for the protection of National Minorities by the Netherlands."

Anti-Roma hate crime

The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) published relevant recommendations in its 2019 Roma and Travellers Survey findings, "Roma and Travellers in six countries."