The police provide data disaggregated by racism and xenophobia, including anti-religious hate crime, and by bias on the grounds of sex/gender, including hate crimes committed with bias based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Data under these categories were collected by the French Ministerial Statistical Department for Internal Security (SSMSI).
The anti-Christian, anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim hate crimes presented below were collected by the Central Service of Territorial Intelligence (SCRT) and disaggregated separately by the Ministry of the Interior. Data on anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim hate crimes have been consulted with civil society organizations that monitor such crimes. Data collected by the Central Service of Territorial Intelligence may include acts of hate speech that fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.
The SSMSI data on racism and xenophobia presented below includes the SCRT data on Anti-Semitic, anti-Muslim and anti-Christian hate crimes. These three categories are, however, also shown separately for a better understanding of these bias motivations. For this reason, the total number of crimes shown in the table above does not match the total number of crimes shown in the graph below, as some offences are listed twice. In particular, the total number of "threats" is 1,922, and the total of "unspecified acts" is 23.
The Act of 29 July 1881 on the freedom of press was amended by Act no. 2021-1109 of 24 August 2021, which introduced an aggravating circumstance in cases of incitement to violence against a person or group of persons on account of their origin, ethnic group, nation, race or religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability, when such incitement is committed by a person exercising public functions.
In October 2021, a four-party agreement was signed by the National Police College of Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d’Or, the Police Training Centre of Chassieu, the Maison d’Izieu, a memorial to the exterminated Jewish children and DILCRAH. The agreement follows an earlier agreement of 2018 and incorporates a one-day training on sensitization for police cadets each year. As part of the training, cadets visited the Maison d’Izieu memorial in November 2021, where they discussed stereotypes and prejudices in relation to the work of state representatives.
Furthermore, representatives of DILCRAH, the Ministerial Statistical Department for Internal Security (SSMSI) within the Ministry of the Interior and the Office of the Defender of Rights joined a scientific committee to analyse anti-LGBTI hate incidents reported through an online application launched by the organization "FLAG!". The first set of data became available in 2021.
In May 2021, the Ministry of Justice, the International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism (LICRA), the Association of Counseling Centers for Victims of Right-wing, Racist and Anti-Semitic Violence in Germany (VBRG), and ODIHR co-organized a virtual study visit on individual needs assessment and referrals as part of ODIHR's project on hate crime victim support. The event featured speakers from various national agencies and organizations providing support to hate crime victims. Participants discussed modes of co-operation among criminal justice system professionals and hate crime victim support organizations, as well as methods to assess the needs of victims and build capacity.
This category includes crimes committed based on an actual or perceived membership in a religion. Therefore, incidents listed separately as anti-Semitic, anti-Muslim, and anti-Christian are also included under this category.
Incidents in this category have also been reported under the category "Racism and Xenophobia", and may therefore be listed here twice.
Incidents in this category have also been reported under the category "Racism and Xenophobia", and may therefore be listed here twice.
Incidents in this category have also been reported under the category "Racism and Xenophobia", and may therefore be listed here twice.
This category includes cases of bias based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The category "other" may include cases of identity thefts, disruption of public safety, disrespect of authority, or sexual exhibition, some of which may fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime. Due to statistical confidentiality, the number of homicides and homicide attempts could not be provided.
The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) published relevant recommendations in its "ECRI report on France (sixth monitoring cycle)".
The Council of Europe European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) published relevant recommendations in its "ECRI Report on France (sixth monitoring cycle)".
ODIHR recognizes France's efforts to improve its hate crime data collection and report hate crimes recorded by the prosecution and judiciary to ODIHR. However, based on available information, it observes that France's hate crime recording and statistics do not sufficiently distinguish hate crimes from other crimes. In addition, ODIHR observes that France would benefit from enhancing its efforts to build the capacity of criminal justice officials to address hate crime.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to collecting reliable data and statistics on hate crimes in sufficient detail, and to report such data periodically to ODIHR. Participating States also committed to introducing or further developing professional training and capacity-building activities for law enforcement, prosecution, and judicial officials dealing with hate crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support France in meeting its relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as further resources and tailored capacity-building assistance for police, prosecution, and judiciary.