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Турция

Турция регулярно предоставляет БДИПЧ данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти. Уголовный кодекс Турции содержит специальное положение об ужесточении наказания. Данные собираются Министерством внутренних дел и Министерством юстиции и не публикуются.

How hate crime data is collected in Турция

How hate crime data is collected in Турция

После получения сообщения о преступлении заводится уголовное дело. Преступления, содержащие элемент предвзятости, регистрируются так же, как и другие преступления, специальной процедуры для регистрации или расследования преступлений на почве ненависти не существует.

Преступления регистрируются в электронном виде в системе UYAP (Система национальной судебной сети). В рамках программы сбора официальной статистики, данные из системы UYAP ежегодно компилируются с учетом обвиняемых и правонарушений в соответствии с Уголовным кодексом и специальными законами. Главное управление по уголовным делам и статистике Министерства юстиции сохраняет статистику преступлений на почве ненависти согласно соответствующим статьям Уголовного кодекса.

Access more information at the Legislation Online website Legislationline TANDIS Access more information at the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Information System (TANDIS) website

SELECT YEAR

  • 2021
  • 2020
  • 2019
  • 2018
  • 2017
  • 2016
  • 2015
  • 2014
  • 2013
  • 2012
  • 2011
  • 2010
  • 2009

OFFICIAL DATA

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2021 87 210 374
2020 70 213 258
2019 79 248 319
2018 - 1983 589
2017 13 1967 500
2016 14 1455 290
2015 Not available 810 272
2014 Not available 658 202
2013 Not available 535 334
2012 Not available 497 158
2011 Not available 628 17
2010 6 330 297
2009 3 250 242

About 2021 Data

    The discrepancy between the number of offences reported by police compared to prosecutorial records is due to the fact that most crimes are registered by prosecutors, and not by the police. It should also be noted that the numbers in this table relate only to criminal offences constituting threats and damage to places of worship and cemeteries (Articles 115 and 153 of the Criminal Code). Turkey has also reported a further 619 cases of discrimination and hate speech offences (including incitement to hatred) recorded by police (Articles 122, 135 and 216 of Turkey’s Criminal Code), which fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.

Hate crime recorded by police

The breakdown below consists of police records related to the offences of "Prevention of the Exercise of Freedom of Belief, Thought and Conviction", and "Damaging Places of Worship and Cemeteries" (Articles 115 and 153 of Turkey’s Criminal Code). The offences of "Hatred and Discrimination", "Recording of Personal Data", and "Provoking the Public to Hatred, Hostility or Degrading the Public" (Articles 122, 135 and 216 of the Criminal Code of Turkey) were not included since they fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.  

  • By bias motivation
  • By type of crime
Download official data
Download official data

National developments

In March 2021, the Turkish government announced the Human Rights Action Plan (Action Plan), one goal of which is to address hate crime. The Action Plan includes a commitment to criminalize hate crime separately, and to take all the measures necessary to effectively fight these criminal offences. The Action Plan specifically mentions hate crimes based on language, religion, race, colour, sex, political views, philosophical beliefs, sect, or similar grounds, and acknowledges the impact of hate crime in targeting human dignity and undermining the peaceful coexistence of different groups.  

The Action Plan requires the monitoring of national and international developments and the preparation of periodical reports on instances constituting discrimination or hate speech/crime (intolerance against Muslims, xenophobia, intolerance against migrants, and racism are mentioned). Furthermore, the Plan sets out amendments to the Turkish Criminal Code to include a new provision on discrimination and hate crimes, and envisages investigation guides aimed at effectively combating discrimination and hate crimes. Moreover, the plan requires continuous review of the Criminal Law Science Commission, and also sets out the psychosocial and legal support to be offered to the victims of discrimination and hate crimes. The creation of a database and the collection of statistics of offences and misdemeanours involving hate and discrimination is to be accompanied by training offered to law enforcement and prosecution staff. Finally, a handbook will be developed to raise awareness of hate crimes and discrimination to among media representatives.  

A monitoring board has been established to monitor the Action Plan's implementation. The Board is chaired by the President of the Republic and consists of relevant ministers. The secretariat services of the Board, which convenes every six months, are carried out by the Ministry of Justice.  

In October 2021, the Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey (TİHEK) organized a national symposium entitled "Hate Speech and Hate Crimes".  

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR recognizes Turkey’s efforts to improve mechanisms to record and collect data on hate crimes through the National Human Rights Action Plan. Turkey is encouraged to continue these endeavours since, based on available information, ODIHR observes that law enforcement agencies have not recorded the bias motivations of hate crimes. In addition, ODIHR observes that Turkey would benefit from reviewing the existing legal framework in order to ensure that bias motivations can be effectively acknowledged and appropriate penalties imposed on the perpetrators. 

ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to promptly investigating hate crimes and ensuring that the motives of those convicted of hate crimes are acknowledged. To that end, law enforcement must first record the bias motivations of hate crimes. Participating States also committed to enacting specific, tailored legislation to combat hate crimes, providing for effective penalties that take into account the gravity of such crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support Turkey in meeting the relevant commitments through its comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as further resources and tailored legislative advice. 


Our methodology

INCIDENTS REPORTED BY OTHER SOURCES

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-07 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-09 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-10 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-03 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-11 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-08 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-03 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-05 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-04 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-12 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-04 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-06 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-08 Threats
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-04 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-11 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-06 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-03 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-04 Violent attacks against people
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-01 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-07 Threats
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
London Legal Group (LLG)
Show info
2021-08 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-08 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-05 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info

Anti-Semitic hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-02 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-05 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info

Anti-Muslim hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-01 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-06 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-09 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-04 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-06 Violent attacks against people
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-07 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-08 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-10 Violent attacks against people
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info

Anti-Christian hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-12 Attacks against property
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-05 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
OIDAC
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2021-07 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021 Threats
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info
2021-01 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info

Other hate crime based on religion or belief

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-10 Violent attacks against people
Freedom of Belief Initiative (Norwegian Helsinki Committee)
Show info

Disability hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-03 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info

Gender-based hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-03 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info
2021-06 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info
2021-03 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-03 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-11 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info
2021-11 Violent attacks against people
Human Rights Association
Show info

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

No information is available.
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2021 HCR announcement RU

Доступны данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти за 2021 год!

16 Nov 2022
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2021 impact story_HCR_RU

Результат работы БДИПЧ в 2021 году: 15-летие работы по сбору и публикации данных о преступлениях на почве ненависти

15 Aug 2022
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Результат работы БДИПЧ в 2021 году: Учет мнений коренных народов в целях борьбы с расизмом и поощрения многообразия и социальной интеграции

14 Aug 2022
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EStAR Hate Crime Victim Support_RU

Результат работы БДИПЧ в 2021 году: Разработка инструментов для поддержки жертв преступлений на почве ненависти

13 Aug 2022
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2021_CfS_page image_RU

Приём отчётов от представителей гражданского общества за 2021 год

16 Feb 2022
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2020 data RUS

Доступны данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти за 2020 год!

16 Nov 2021
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FAQ.png

Данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти: Часто задаваемые вопросы

16 Nov 2021
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Результат работы БДИПЧ в 2020 году: Укрепление структур поддержки для жертв преступлений на почве ненависти

16 Apr 2021
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10 practical steps to respond to the security needs of Muslim communities

Результат работы БДИПЧ в 2020 году: Содействие комплексному и инклюзивному реагированию на антимусульманские преступления на почве ненависти

15 Apr 2021
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cfs_2017_rus.png

Приём отчётов от представителей гражданского общества за 2020 год

15 Feb 2021

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Факс +48 22 520 06 05
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