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Франция

Франция регулярно сообщает БДИПЧ данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти. Законы Франции о преступлениях на почве ненависти представляют собой сочетание общих и конкретных положений об ужесточении наказания. Данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти собираются Министерством юстиции, Национальным институтом по правам человека, полицией и жандармерией. Данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти регулярно публикуются Национальным институтом по правам человека. Франция регулярно проводит исследования о виктимизации в преступлениях на почве ненависти.

How hate crime data is collected in Франция

How hate crime data is collected in Франция

При получении сообщений обо всех совершенных правонарушениях, каждое правонарушение получает код уголовной классификацию и отметку с стороны сотрудников полиции; каждый такой код и отметка относятся к определенной статье уголовного кодекса. Во Франции преступления на почве ненависти имеют определения в уголовном кодексе. В зависимости от типа правонарушения можно зарегистрировать до пяти мотивов предубеждения: религия, расизм, ксенофобия, сексизм и гомофобия.

Сотрудники патрульной полиции идентифицируют и регистрируют преступления на почве ненависти в момент получения сообщения о них, исходя из восприятия потерпевшего и/или объективных фактов и обстоятельств, которые указывают на то, что преступление может иметь мотив, основанный на предубеждении. Сотрудники полиции используют общую форму для регистрации преступлений на почве ненависти. Некоторые поля, в частности квалификационные коды и отметки для преступлений, вносятся в национальную базу данных, в которой собираются статистические сведения о преступлениях на почве ненависти.

Министерство внутренних дел отвечает за два процесса сбора данных. Все органы безопасности подключены к центральной системе регистрации. Сведения о преступлениях на почве ненависти можно извлечь из этой базы данных, используя квалификационный код преступления, по которому они были зарегистрированы. Помимо центральной системы регистрации, с 2008 года данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти собираются вручную из местных полевых отделений центральными оперативно-аналитическими службами для конкретной оценки антисемитских и антимусульманских преступлений. Эти данные обсуждаются с еврейскими и мусульманскими организациями гражданского общества.

Департамент статистики внутренней безопасности (SSMSI) при Министерстве внутренних дел отвечает за подготовку достоверной статистики о преступности и публикует исследования, связанные со статистикой преступлений на почве ненависти, на своем веб-сайте Interstats. Министерство юстиции собирает данные по всей судебной системе. Для регистрации данных применяется строгий и скрупулезный процесс обеспечения качества, основанный на общей кодификации, называемой "справочная система правосудия", которая объединяет все преступления и позволяет ссылаться на данные в зависимости от количества дел (зарегистрировано, возбуждено, осуждено), тип мотивации (гомофобия, пол, расизм и т. д.), вид правонарушения и тип наказания. Департамент статистики и исследований (SDSE) Министерства юстиции централизует и использует статистические данные, поступающие от прокуратуры, из информационной системы Cassiopée (процедуры регистрации и обработки) и окончательных приговоров, внесенных в реестр судимостей. Эти данные публикуются в Годовом отчете о расизме, антисемитизме и ксенофобии, который готовится Национальной консультативной комиссией по правам человека (CNCDH).

Рабочая группа, в состав которой входят представители Статистической службы внутренней безопасности Министерства (SSMSI), ведомственной статистической службы Министерства юстиции и Департамента по уголовным делам и помилованиям (DACG), собирается с 2015 года. Задания группы включают улучшение методологии и получение сопоставимых данных по конкретным вопросам, в частности, по преступлениям на почве ненависти.

Access more information at the Legislation Online website Legislationline TANDIS Access more information at the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Information System (TANDIS) website

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OFFICIAL DATA

Year Hate crimes recorded by police Prosecuted Sentenced
2021 3,443 486 425
2020 2672 - -
2019 2640 - -
2018 1838 - 252
2017 1505 Not available 255
2016 1835 Not available 583
2015 1790 Not available Not available
2014 1662 Not available 554
2013 1765 579 Not available
2012 2357 604 550
2011 Not available Not available 431
2010 2 Not available 562
2009 Not available Not available 579

About 2021 Data

    The police figures reported to ODIHR do not include cases of incitement to hatred, defamation or public insult. However, the records disaggregated by bias motivation presented below may include such offences, which for the most part fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.

Hate crime recorded by police

The police provide data disaggregated by racism and xenophobia, including anti-religious hate crime, and by bias on the grounds of sex/gender, including hate crimes committed with bias based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Data under these categories were collected by the French Ministerial Statistical Department for Internal Security (SSMSI).

The anti-Christian, anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim hate crimes presented below were collected by the Central Service of Territorial Intelligence (SCRT) and disaggregated separately by the Ministry of the Interior. Data on anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim hate crimes have been consulted with civil society organizations that monitor such crimes. Data collected by the Central Service of Territorial Intelligence may include acts of hate speech that fall outside of the OSCE's definition of hate crime.

The SSMSI data on racism and xenophobia presented below includes the SCRT data on Anti-Semitic, anti-Muslim and anti-Christian hate crimes. These three categories are, however, also shown separately for a better understanding of these bias motivations. For this reason, the total number of crimes shown in the table above does not match the total number of crimes shown in the graph below, as some offences are listed twice. In particular, the total number of "threats" is 1,922, and the total of "unspecified acts" is 23.

  • By bias motivation
  • By type of crime
Download official data
Download official data

National developments

The Act of 29 July 1881 on the freedom of press was amended by Act no. 2021-1109 of 24 August 2021, which introduced an aggravating circumstance in cases of incitement to violence against a person or group of persons on account of their origin, ethnic group, nation, race or religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability, when such incitement is committed by a person exercising public functions. 

In October 2021, a four-party agreement was signed by the National Police College of Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d’Or, the Police Training Centre of Chassieu, the Maison d’Izieu, a memorial to the exterminated Jewish children and DILCRAH. The agreement follows an earlier agreement of 2018 and incorporates a one-day training on sensitization for police cadets each year. As part of the training, cadets visited the Maison d’Izieu memorial in November 2021, where they discussed stereotypes and prejudices in relation to the work of state representatives.   

Furthermore, representatives of DILCRAH, the Ministerial Statistical Department for Internal Security (SSMSI) within the Ministry of the Interior and the Office of the Defender of Rights joined a scientific committee to analyse anti-LGBTI hate incidents reported through an online application launched by the organization "FLAG!". The first set of data became available in 2021. 

In May 2021, the Ministry of Justice, the International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism (LICRA), the Association of Counseling Centers for Victims of Right-wing, Racist and Anti-Semitic Violence in Germany (VBRG), and ODIHR co-organized a virtual study visit on individual needs assessment and referrals as part of ODIHR's project on hate crime victim support. The event featured speakers from various national agencies and organizations providing support to hate crime victims. Participants discussed modes of co-operation among criminal justice system professionals and hate crime victim support organizations, as well as methods to assess the needs of victims and build capacity. 

KEY OBSERVATION

ODIHR recognizes France's efforts to improve its hate crime data collection and report hate crimes recorded by the prosecution and judiciary to ODIHR. However, based on available information, it observes that France's hate crime recording and statistics do not sufficiently distinguish hate crimes from other crimes. In addition, ODIHR observes that France would benefit from enhancing its efforts to build the capacity of criminal justice officials to address hate crime. 

ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to collecting reliable data and statistics on hate crimes in sufficient detail, and to report such data periodically to ODIHR. Participating States also committed to introducing or further developing professional training and capacity-building activities for law enforcement, prosecution, and judicial officials dealing with hate crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support France in meeting its relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as further resources and tailored capacity-building assistance for police, prosecution, and judiciary.


Our methodology

INCIDENTS REPORTED BY OTHER SOURCES

Racist and xenophobic hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-12 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-04 Violent attacks against people
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-06 Violent attacks against people
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info

Anti-Roma hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info

Anti-Semitic hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-03 Threats
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2021 Threats
OIDAC
Show info

Anti-Muslim hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-06 Violent attacks against people
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-04 Violent attacks against people
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-02 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-02 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-04 Threats
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-01 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-09 Threats
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-04 Threats
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-05 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-10 Threats
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info

Anti-Christian hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-12 Violent attacks against people
Jehovah's Witnesses
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
Show info
2021-01 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-01 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-05 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
Show info
2021-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-06 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
Show info
2021-06 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-06 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-06 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Threats
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Threats
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Threats
OIDAC
Show info
2021-10 Threats
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-11 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
Show info
2021 Threats
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-01 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-01 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-02 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Threats
OIDAC
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-03 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-05 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-06 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-06 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Violent attacks against people
OIDAC
Show info
2021-07 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-08 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-09 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-10 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info
2021-12 Attacks against property
OIDAC
Show info

Anti-LGBTI hate crime

Дата ВИД ИНЦИДЕНТА Источник Описание
2021-04 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info
2021-06 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info
2021-09 Violent attacks against people
Transgender Europe (TGEU)
Show info
2021-04 Attacks against property
The Collective for Countering Islamophobia in Europe
Show info
2021 Threats
OIDAC
Show info

INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

Racist and xenophobic hate crime, Anti-Roma hate crime, Anti-Muslim hate crime, Gender-based hate crime, Anti-LGBTI hate crime

The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) published relevant recommendations in its "ECRI report on France (sixth monitoring cycle)".

Image
2021 HCR announcement RU

Доступны данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти за 2021 год!

16 Nov 2022
Image
2021 impact story_HCR_RU

Результат работы БДИПЧ в 2021 году: 15-летие работы по сбору и публикации данных о преступлениях на почве ненависти

15 Aug 2022
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20220401_InFocus_IP event_cover image

Результат работы БДИПЧ в 2021 году: Учет мнений коренных народов в целях борьбы с расизмом и поощрения многообразия и социальной интеграции

14 Aug 2022
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EStAR Hate Crime Victim Support_RU

Результат работы БДИПЧ в 2021 году: Разработка инструментов для поддержки жертв преступлений на почве ненависти

13 Aug 2022
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2021_CfS_page image_RU

Приём отчётов от представителей гражданского общества за 2021 год

16 Feb 2022
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2020 data RUS

Доступны данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти за 2020 год!

16 Nov 2021
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FAQ.png

Данные о преступлениях на почве ненависти: Часто задаваемые вопросы

16 Nov 2021
Image
Victim Guide Graphic RU

Результат работы БДИПЧ в 2020 году: Укрепление структур поддержки для жертв преступлений на почве ненависти

16 Apr 2021
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10 practical steps to respond to the security needs of Muslim communities

Результат работы БДИПЧ в 2020 году: Содействие комплексному и инклюзивному реагированию на антимусульманские преступления на почве ненависти

15 Apr 2021
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cfs_2017_rus.png

Приём отчётов от представителей гражданского общества за 2020 год

15 Feb 2021

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