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6 years 4 months
Year
Report data for country
Cases Recorded by Police
13,337
Explanation to the total figures recorded
The police-recorded figure above consists of data from all law enforcement agencies that submitted one or more hate crime incidents for at least one month of the calendar year. As a result, the figure may not represent data included in reports from each participating agency for all 12 months of the calendar year.

The vast majority of hate crimes in the United States are prosecuted at the state and local levels, for which no figures are available. Prosecution and sentencing records were not reported to ODIHR.
Intro for the official data graphs

The breakdown below refers only to offences with one recorded bias motivation. An additional 424 offences committed with two or more bias motivations were reported but are not presented here.

Bias motivations and crime types
Mandated bias motivation
Crime types figures
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
16
Explanation to the total figures recorded
This category includes murders and non-negligent manslaughter.
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
2943
Explanation to the total figures recorded
This category includes aggravated and simple assaults.
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
10
Explanation to the total figures recorded
This category includes rape.
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
489
Explanation to the total figures recorded
This category includes cases of theft and motor vehicle theft.
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
1497
Explanation to the total figures recorded
This category consists of cases of destruction, damage, vandalism and other crimes against property.
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
16
Cases Recorded by Police
2514
Explanation to the total figures recorded
This category consists of cases of intimidation.
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
192
Explanation to the total figures recorded
This category includes other crimes against persons and other crimes against society, such as gambling, drug violations or prostitution.
Mandated bias motivation
Crime types figures
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
139
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
20
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
704
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
2
Cases Recorded by Police
322
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
7
Mandated bias motivation
Crime types figures
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
4
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
60
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
9
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
27
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
2
Cases Recorded by Police
76
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
1
Mandated bias motivation
Crime types figures
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
45
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
67
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
211
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
15
Cases Recorded by Police
55
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
27
Crime types figures
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
79
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
1
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
93
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
110
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
1
Cases Recorded by Police
40
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
34
Mandated bias motivation
Crime types figures
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
1
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
46
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
1
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
10
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
15
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
1
Cases Recorded by Police
41
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
6
Mandated bias motivation
Crime types figures
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
12
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
1166
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
7
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
221
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
487
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
8
Cases Recorded by Police
746
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
60
Mandated bias motivation
Crime types figures
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
86
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
32
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
32
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
1
Cases Recorded by Police
30
Type of Crime
Cases Recorded by Police
10
NPC
Description Type
Developments
Organization Report

In March 2022, the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America amended Section 249 of title 18, United States Code (18 U.S.C. 249) by adopting the Emmett Till Anti-Lynching Act, adding a new subsection (249(a)(5) and (6)) specifying that lynching is a hate crime act.

In September 2022, the U.S. President convened the United We Stand Summit to counter the corrosive effects of hate-fuelled violence on democracy and public safety.  The Summit announced a package of new actions that the federal government, civic, faith, philanthropic, and business leaders will take to address hate-motivated violence and advance national unity, including:

  • Federal agencies taking new steps to strengthen resources available to local schools, law enforcement agencies, and cultural institutions, such as museums and libraries, to prevent and respond to hate-fuelled violence.
  • Launching Dignity.us, a Citizens' Initiative to address hate-motivated violence in the United States, foster dialogue in communities across the country and identify solutions to address hate-motivated violence. The Citizens' Initiative will be co-ordinated by four former Directors of the White House Domestic Policy Council under Republican and Democratic presidents. The Presidential Centers or Foundations of Presidents Obama, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Gerald Ford will support the initiative.
  • New Pluralists, a cross-partisan group of philanthropic and field leaders, is mobilizing $1 billion in new investments to increase support for programmes that build bridges among Americans of different backgrounds to foster unity.
  • The Compact to Combat Hate and Extremism has committed to tackle hate-motivated violence and increased their support for local initiatives that heal divides.
  • Technology companies, including YouTube, Twitch, Microsoft, and Meta are announcing new actions their platforms are taking to prevent hate-motivated violence. 

In September 2022, responding to increasing incidents of hate, the Attorney General directed all 94 U.S. Attorney's Offices around the country to host at least one hate crimes outreach programme in their district over the coming year. Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights Kristen Clarke and U.S. Attorney for the Western District of New York Trini Ross launched the United Against Hate Initiative in Buffalo, New York in October 2022, responding to the tragic racially-motivated mass shooting of ten Black shoppers at the Tops Supermarket there in May 2022. The United Against Hate initiative seeks to directly connect federal, state, and local law enforcement with traditionally marginalized communities in order to build trust and encourage the reporting of hate crimes and hate incidents. As of September 2023, all 94 offices have held at least one programme, with more than 200 events total reaching more than 6,000 participants.

In October 2022, the Department of Justice issued updated Attorney General Guidelines for Victim Assistance. The updated guidelines included a new provision expanding authority to provide assistance to federal crime victims who do not suffer a direct financial or physical injury. The new provision includes an example for victims of hate crime, noting that hate crimes injure not only the direct victim but others in the victim's community.

The Department of Justice's programme on 'Community Based Approaches to Prevent and Address Hate Crimes' provides grant funding that supports community-based organizations and civil rights groups in implementing comprehensive approaches to promote community awareness and preparedness, increase victim reporting, strengthen community resilience, and improve responses to hate crimes. The programme is also designed to develop community-informed model policies, practices, and trainings for law enforcement and prosecution entities regarding how hate crimes are reported, investigated, and prosecuted. In 2022, the Department awarded $3.4 million to eight community-based organizations in California, Colorado, New York, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

In March 2023, the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program released a 2021 hate crime statistics supplement about bias-motivated incidents throughout the nation. This supplement allows for a more complete representation of reported hate crimes in the U.S. for 2021. Nationally, reported hate crime incidents increased 11.6 per cent from 8,120 in 2020 to 9,065 in 2021.

The United States reported the following notable cases for 2022:

In February 2022, a jury found three Georgia men guilty of hate crimes and attempted kidnapping in the pursuit and killing of Ahmaud Arbery, a young Black man who was jogging on a public road.  In 2020, seeing Mr. Arbery jogging, two of the defendants armed themselves, got into a truck, and chased him through the neighbourhood. They yelled at him, used their truck to cut off his route, and threatened him with guns. The third defendant joined the chase, and all three men tried to prevent Mr. Arbery from leaving after surrounding him. In the ensuing struggle, one of the men shot and killed Mr. Arbery as he attempted to escape. An important part of the trial was proving that the defendants acted because of Mr. Arbery's race. Evidence showed that each defendant held racist beliefs that led them to assume, without reason, that Mr. Arbery was a criminal. Two defendants were sentenced to life in prison and a third was sentenced to 35 years in prison. The men had previously been sentenced to life in prison under state law for murder. Georgia did not have a hate crime law at the time of Mr. Arbery's death but has since enacted a state law.  

In July 2022, a federal grand jury indicted a New York man in connection with the mass shooting at the Tops grocery store on Jefferson Avenue in Buffalo, New York. The indictment alleges that on 14 May, the man opened fire and shot multiple individuals in and around the Tops grocery store, resulting in the deaths of 10 Black people, as well as injury to three others.  The defendant faces a sentence of up to life in prison or the death penalty.

In August 2022, a Texas man was sentenced to 25 years in prison on hate crime charges for attacking an Asian family he believed was Chinese and therefore responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The man admitted that he entered Sam's Club Warehouse in Midland, Texas, behind an Asian family with young children on 14 March 2020. He had never seen the family before and believed they were Chinese. He followed the family for several minutes because he thought they were "from the country who started spreading that disease around." He found a serrated steak knife in the store, and cut the father in the face. He left the scene, only to retrieve another knife from the store. When he returned, he attacked the family's two young children – then aged 6 and 2 years– who were seated in the front basket of the shopping cart, slashing open the face of the six-year-old child. He also stabbed a Sam's Club employee who intervened. While witnesses held the man down, he yelled "Get out of America!" at the family. The defendant admitted attempting to kill the six-year-old child. He also admitted that he attacked the store employee because they prevented him from killing the child.

Description Type
Reports
Organization Report

This category includes hate crimes committed on the grounds of race, ethnicity and ancestry.

Bias motivation
Description Type
Reports
Organization Report

This category includes hate crimes with a bias against Catholics, Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Church of Jesus Christ, Eastern Orthodox and other Christian denominations.

Description Type
Reports
Organization Report

This category includes hate crimes targeting Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists and other faith groups, as well as Atheists/Agnostics.

Bias motivation
Description Type
Reports
Organization Report

Official figures include 2,210 hate crimes motivated by bias based on sexual orientation, and 515 hate crimes motivated by bias based on gender identity.

NGO
Overview of incidents
IGO
Holy See
ODIHR Recommendations

ODIHR recognizes the United States' efforts in addressing hate crime through targeted programming and funding, and through hate crime-specific data collection. However, based on the available information, it observes that since 2018, the United States has not reported data on hate crimes recorded by prosecution and judiciary to ODIHR. In addition, ODIHR observes that the United States would benefit from ensuring that hate crimes are addressed in a comprehensive manner, including by introducing a co-ordination mechanism.

ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, participating States committed to collecting reliable data and statistics in sufficient detail on hate crimes and to reporting such periodically to ODIHR. In Ministerial Council Decisions 9/09 and 13/06, participating States also committed to ensuring a comprehensive approach to hate crimes. To that end, the relevant authorities are required to collaborate and co-ordinate closely with civil society. ODIHR stands ready to support the United States in meeting its relevant commitments through the provision of comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as further resources and tailored assistance in the area of developing co-ordination mechanisms to address hate crime.


Our methodology

Overall incidents summary

🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.

🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.

Types of property attack
Targeted properties
Type of Crime
Incidents
8