Spain
Spain regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Spain publishes annual reports on hate crimes.
Spain implemented ODIHR's Training Against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) programme in 2019, and the Prosecutor General's Office has established a network of dedicated hate crime prosecutors across the country. A regional TAHCLE in Valencia was implemented in 2016.
The Ministry of Interior has a dedicated protocol that regulates how law enforcement handles hate crime cases and sets out the specific rights of hate crime victims. Within the Ministry, the Spanish National Office Against Hate Crimes (ONDOD) is responsible for the Hate Crime Action Plan (adopted for 2019-2021 and 2022-2024). Currently, the Action Plan covers the areas of victim support, co-ordination among state authorities, civil society and the private sector, hate crime prevention, specialization within the police, training, awareness raising, and the allocation of adequate human resources in ONDOD.
In 2023, Spain implemented a new national Strategic Framework against racism and xenophobia
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2,268 | 210 | 157 |
| 2022 | 1,869 | 191 | 152 |
| 2021 | 1,802 | 192 | 91 |
| 2020 | 1401 | 675 | 144 |
| 2019 | 1706 | Not available | Not available |
| 2018 | 1598 | Not available | Not available |
| 2017 | 1419 | Not available | Not available |
| 2016 | 1272 | Not available | Not available |
| 2015 | 1328 | Not available | Not available |
| 2014 | 1285 | Not available | Not available |
| 2013 | 1168 | Not available | Not available |
| 2012 | 261 | Not available | Not available |
| 2011 | 224 | Not available | Not available |
| 2010 | 92 | Not available | Not available |
| 2009 | 93 | Not available | Not available |
About 2023 Data
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Police figures presented here include offences that fall outside the OSCE's hate crime definition, such as hate speech, but which could not be disaggregated.
Prosecution figures refer to the number of indictments.
Hate crime recorded by police
The breakdown below does not include 352 offences motivated by ideology.
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes Spain's efforts to build the capacity of national and local police to address hate crimes. However, based on the available information, it observes that Spain's hate crime statistics do not sufficiently distinguish hate crimes from other crimes. Further, ODIHR observes that Spain would benefit from strengthening collaboration with and facilitating the efforts of civil society working to address hate crime and support hate crime victims.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decisions 9/09 participating States agreed to a definition of hate crime shared by all OSCE participating States. They also committed to collect reliable data and statistics on hate crimes. To that end, hate crimes need to be distinguished throughout the recording and data collection process from hate speech, discrimination and other related crimes. Further, participating States committed to taking a proactive and inclusive approach to civil society. ODIHR stands ready to support Spain in meeting the relevant commitments through its comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime data and through the provision of comprehensive resources and assistance.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
🛈 Please note that the data in the charts above are based on voluntary civil society submissions and as such might not be representative of the actual number of incidents affecting individual communities.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
🛈 Please note that the data in the charts above are based on voluntary civil society submissions and as such might not be representative of the actual number of incidents affecting individual communities.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
🛈 Please note that the data in the charts above are based on voluntary civil society submissions and as such might not be representative of the actual number of incidents affecting individual communities.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-08 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2023-09 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2023-03 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2023-04 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2023-07 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2023-10 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2023-11 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2023-10 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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| 2023-09 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2023-03 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2023-03 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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| 2023-10 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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Anti-Roma hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-04 | Violent attacks against people | Fundación Secretariado Gitano (FSG)
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Anti-Semitic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-10 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-10 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-11 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-10 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-10 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
Anti-Muslim hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-06 | Violent attacks against people | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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Show info |
| 2023-01 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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Show info |
| 2023-10 | Threats/Harassment | Union of Islamic Communities of Spain
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Show info |
| 2023-08 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-08 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-10 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
Anti-Christian hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-01 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-08 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-09 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-09 | Threats/Harassment | Holy See
Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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| 2023-11 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-11 | Threats/Harassment | Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-01 | Violent attacks against people | Holy See
OIDAC
Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-07 | Violent attacks against people | Holy See
OIDAC
Observatory for Freedom of Religion and Conscience (OLRC)
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Show info |
| 2023-11 | Threats/Harassment | OIDAC
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| 2023-03 | Violent attacks against people | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2023-07 | Violent attacks against people | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2023-08 | Threats/Harassment | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2023-10 | Violent attacks against people | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2023-11 | Threats/Harassment | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2023-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2023-12 | Threats/Harassment | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2023-09 | Threats/Harassment | Holy See
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| 2023 | Threats/Harassment | Holy See
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Gender-based hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-02 | Violent attacks against people | Transgender Europe (TGEU)
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Show info |
Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-02 | Violent attacks against people | Transgender Europe (TGEU)
|
Show info |